论黄宗羲“作文不可倒却架子”观——以其塔铭批评与创作为中心

Discuss on Huang Zongxi's Idea that Confucians Cannot Lose Ground in Their Writings——Focusing on His Criticism and Writing of Inscriptions

在禅风炽盛的明清之际,黄宗羲强调儒者"作文不可倒却架子"。首先,在对当世儒者所撰塔铭的批评中,黄宗羲认为"启众信、备僧史"理念统摄下的塔铭写作有失儒者气象,文章往往雅俗相乱。其次,在自身塔铭创作上,黄宗羲的儒者本位意识也有所投射。论及僧诤时,他善于借儒者之例批判禅林门户之见;为逃禅者作塔铭时,他着力凸显塔主"外禅内儒"之精神实质。以黄宗羲的塔铭批评与创作为中心,可解读其"作文不可倒却架子"观的内涵,并可感受当时儒释交游之张力。

In the late Ming and early Qing period,when Zen style was prosperous,Huang Zongxi stressed that Confucians should not lose ground in their writings.This idea was first reflected in his criticism of the inscriptions written by contemporary Confucians.He claimed that the inscriptions written under the faith of‘enlightening people's beliefs and enriching history of Buddhism’were lack of the momentum of Confucians,and such inscriptions were often vulgar and chaotic.Besides,Huang Zongxi s Confucianism consciousness was also projected on his own writing.Firstly,when writing about debates among Chan School,he preferred to criticizing sectarianism by using examples of Confucians.Secondly,when writing inscriptions for people who fled away from Confucianism and converted to Buddhism,he always highlighted the spiritual essence‘Buddhism outside but Confucianism inside’of the subject.Centering on Huang Zongxi s criticism and writing of inscriptions,the concept of his idea that Confucians could not lose ground in their writings could be interpreted,and the tension of Confucianism and Buddhism at that time could be felt.