从“人格崇拜”到“自主自我”——社会的心理学化与心灵治理

From “Persona Worship” to the “Autonomous Self”: The Psychologicalization of Society and Soul Governance

为究明现代人缘何关注自我心灵、认可心理治疗,本文对相关的社会理论展开了考察,并探讨了心理学化社会的心灵治理。基于"人格崇拜",现代社会令个体树立起"人格神圣"的观念。而仪式行为互动论则进一步将世俗化社会中的个体自我神圣化。情感社会学综合了前两者之说,继而在人格、脸面的基础上开启了更具抽象意义的心灵神圣观。但是心灵神圣同时伴随着心理危机,作为重建个体与社会互动秩序的存在,心理治疗不只是解放心灵,还兼具对心灵的规训。为超越解放与规训的二元对立,实现"心灵解放",心灵治理指向了塑造具有"自主自我"的现代人。

The purpose of this paper is to provide a sociological explanation to the recognition of psychotherapy by the general public.It is alleged that in the framework of Durkheim s persona worship,an individual is empowered by the idea of sacred individual personality in the modern society.It is further elevated to a sacred level by Goffman with reference to the individual face in the secularized society.The sociology of feeling and emotion synthesizes the former two theories,and makes a more abstract generalization of the mind holiness on the basis of personality and face.Soul governance points to the shaping of self-autonomy in order to transcend the duality of liberation and discipline,and realize mind liberation.