中国性别收入差距的社会文化根源——基于性别角色观念的经验分析

Social-Cultural Roots of Gender Income Difference in China: Evidence from the Gender Role Attitudes

本文拓展人力资本和性别歧视分析框架,利用2013年中国综合社会调查数据,探究性别角色观念是否以及如何影响男女收入差距。研究发现,以"男主外女主内"为核心的传统性别角色观念对女性的工资收入具有直接的抑制作用,对男性收入则没有显著影响。男女收入差距由此形成,并通过教育获得、劳动参与、工作时间及职业地位等中介因素对两性间收入不平等产生广泛影响。本研究有助于深化理解性别收入差距的社会文化根源,推动优化性别平等实践。

By investigating the deep-rooted gender norms and social-cultural factors,this paper explores whether and how traditional gender role attitudes impact on income gaps between men and women,and identifies causal effects by methods of instrumental variables estimation and other causal inference methods.Using the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey data,the results show that traditional gender role attitudes are detrimental to the earnings of women,but has no direct effect on men s income.Through Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition,this research finds that the different effects of gender role attitudes on income of men and women appear to play a prominent role in causing the gender gap in earnings.In addition,gender role attitudes have an indirect and wide effect on gender income inequality through educational investment,labor participation,working hours and occupational status.This provides a new perspective for understanding the persistence and mechanisms of gender income stratification under the trend of educational equalization,and has implications for gender equality policies.