再论科学及其内涵的多维意蕴

Multi-dimensional Implications of Science and its Connotation

科学的发展使人们得以真实地认识我们的客观世界。在以往的研究中,研究者从科学哲学的视角尝试回答"什么是科学",解读科学本质,阐明科学的基本特征。科学是在一定的社会阶段中,人类认识客观世界的可靠系统,是人类在实践中通过可靠的思维态度、工具方法、活动过程等,形成经验或结论的过程。科学来自于哲学,却又不等于哲学,在本体论、认识论、方法论的层面上,二者密不可分却又存在显著差别。科学本质观的嬗变,内在总是随着科学发展的脉络而变化。以此作为研究基础,立足当代研究者的观点,厘清科学的基本含义,反思科学史、科学本质观的演进过程,从现实生活中认识科学的特性,有助于更全面地理解和把握科学及其内涵。

The development of science has enabled people to truly understand the objective world.In previous studies,researchers from the perspective of scientific philosophy tried to answer“what is science”,interpret the nature of science,and clarify the basic features of science.In a particular society,science is a reliable system for human beings to learn about the objective world,a process in which they gain experiences and form conclusions through reliable thinking,attitude,means and methods.Science comes from philosophy but it is not philosophy itself;at the levels of ontology,epistemology,and methodology,the two are inseparable but are very different.Views on the essence of science evolve along with the development of science.Based on these research findings and the contemporary points of view,clarifying the literal meaning of science,restudying the history of science and the evolutional process of views on the nature of science,and learning about the characteristics of science from real life will help to more fully understand science and grasp its connotation.