“形”“心”之间的内在张力:庄子身体观探微

The Internal Tension Between “Form” and “Mind”:An Exploration of Zhuang Zi's View about the Body

纵观《庄子》内七篇文本,庄子哲学中"身"这个范畴呈现为结构与过程相统一的双层意蕴。"身体"概念的"裂变"使得"形"与"心"成为"身"重要的义界。庄子既要存"形",使之群于人;又要离"形",使心游于道。其中,"形"与"心"之间存在着一种无法调和的内在张力。通过对"形"成不弃、"形"化不伤、"形"群不杂三个层次的诠释,庄子从逻辑上肯定了形体的实存性和自然性。同时,庄子认为我们应该忘却形体的维度,通过离形去知、一志集虚,实现心在更高层次上的超脱,追求生命真正的精神价值。庄子身体观的逻辑起点和价值取向也在"形"与"心"的较量中呈现出来。

In seven texts of Zhuang Zi,the category of“body”,in Zhuang Zi’s philosophy,implicates the integration of structure and process.The“fission”of the“body”enables the“form”and“mind”to become two important definitions of the“body”.Zhuang Zi encourages one both to maintain the“form”so as to be among others and to leave the“form”so that the mind may traverse the realm of Tao.Thus,there is an irreconcilable tension between the“form”and the“mind”.He logically confirms the natural existence of“form”but advocates that one should neglect form’s physical dimensions,forget all knowledge,and get rid of all distracting thoughts and contemplate,to realize a higher level of the mind’s detachment and the real spiritual value of life.The logical starting point and the value orientation of Zhuang Zi’s view about the body are presented in the contest of strength between the“form”and the“mind”.