阿尔泰山森林景观特征及其适宜粒度分析

Landscape Characteristics and Suitability Analysis of the Altai Mountains

在阿勒泰林场,以其2006年和2016年的ETM+/OLI影像为数据源,综合运用RS和GIS技术,并采用景观指数分析法分析阿勒泰林场景观格局变化的特征、景观异质性特征、景观空间分布格局和景观适宜粒度。结果表明:(1)研究区优势景观类型为牧草地和灌木林地,且其面积呈增长趋势;(2)灌木林地斑块间面积大小差异显著,破碎化程度最高,苗圃地和林业辅助用地的破碎化程度最低;(3)乔木林地和灌木林的平均最小距离(ENN)值较高,分别为868.72m和870.87m。在时间纵向上,由于天然林保护工程和人工造林补植工程的实施,使得乔木林地和灌木林地的规模逐渐扩大,具有更好的连接性;(4)阿勒泰林场景观的整体异质景观要素的空间分布呈常规状态,整体景观的斑块分布较为均衡,分布形式变化不大;(5)阿勒泰林场2006年和2016年的适宜景观粒度为60m,该景观粒度不仅能够科学准确反映区域景观信息,还能为今后区域景观格局的稳定性研究和空间优化提供基础支撑。

Based on two periods of remote sensing images of ETM+/OLI in 2006 and 2016 through RS and GIS technology,the landscape index analysis method was used to analyze the characteristics of landscape pattern change,landscape heterogeneity,landscape spatial distribution pattern and landscape suitability granularity.The results showed that:(1)The dominant landscape types in the study area were grassland and shrub forest land,and showed an increasing trend;(2)The difference of patch area between shrub forest land and arbor woodland was significant.The fragmentation degree was the highest,followed by pasture land and arbor land.The minimum degree of fragmentation was between nursery land and forestry auxiliary land;(3)The average minimum distance(ENN)values of arbor forests and shrubs were high,868.72m and 870.87m,respectively.In the longitudinal time,because of the natural forest protection project and the implementation of relevant afforestation projecs,the arbor woodland and shrub land gradually expanded,so they had well connectivity;(4)The spatial distribution of the overall heterogeneous landscape elements in Aletai forest farm was normal.The patch distribution of the whole landscape was balanced,and the distribution pattern of the overall landscape patches were not changed;(5)The suitable granularity of landscape in Aletai forest farm in 2006 and 2016 was 60m,which could not only scientifically and accurately reflect the regional landscape information,but also provide a basic support for the future research and spatial optimization of the regional landscape pattern.