“共产公妻”谣言在中国的生成与早期流布

The Formation and Dissemination of the Rumors about Socializationof Wealth and Wives in China

一个荒诞不经却流传甚久的说法大多蕴涵着某种时代症候,"共产公妻"亦如是。"共产"与"公妻"之说在清末民初的传播,与一系列观念的生成密切相关。妇女启蒙始自清末,到一战前后,"女子问题"蔚然成为时代议题,与之相关的子议题被1910年代到1920年代的趋新人物不断讨论,主张日趋激进。这些主张迅速被保守人士移用,作为攻击新派人物及政敌的污名。"公妻"之说由是生焉。虽然《共产党宣言》驳斥了"共产"则必"公妻"的逻辑,但"公妻"在中国的流布从一开始就跟"共产"联系在一起。从1910年代到1920年代,政治人物在报刊的要闻版以"共产"互殴,报刊文人则在副刊的"游戏文字"中传播关于"公妻"的戏说和奇谈——这是谣言产生的土壤。作为一则多人建构的谣言,"共产公妻"不断被新的内容填充。谣言也并非空穴来风,大革命时期,激进的婚恋观自苏俄传入,曾在革命阵营中引发回响。

A fantastic but wildly known saying was often symptom of its times,and that was true with Socialization of Wealth and Wives(or Gongchan Gongqi).The dissemination of Socialization of Wealth(Gongchan)and Socialization of Wives(Gongqi)during the period of late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China was related with formation of a series of ideas and concepts.Till the First World War,enlightenment of women embarking from late Qing dynasty has been transformed into problems of Women,which then turned into issues of the times under continuous discussions.The related sub-topics were discussed by the avant-gardes from the 1910s to the 1920s.The opinions about marriage and sexual relationship in avant-garde newspapers and magazines became increasingly radical.These ideas and avant-garde concepts were swiftly utilized by conservatives as a stigma for attacking progressives and political opponents.That was the origin of Socialization of Wives(Gongqi)concept.Although The Communist Manifesto refuted the logic that socialization of Wealth(Gongchan)would surely lead to socialization of Wives(Gongqi),the spread of"Gongqi"in China has been linked with"Gongchan"from the very beginning.From the 1910s to the 1920s,politicians used"Gongchan"to fight with each other in the main newspapers and magazines,while freelancers disseminated jokes and fantastic stories about"Gongqi"in supplement columns,both of which were the soil of rumors.As a rumor built up by many people,Socialization of Wealth and Wives was supplemented by new materials from time to time.Meanwhile,rumors were not wind from the hollow cave.During the Great Revolution in China,radical concepts about marriage and love flew into China from Soviet Union and triggered echoes in the revolutionary camp.