基于遥感的生态服务价值测算与土地利用动态变化

Land Use and Dynamic Change and Evaluation of Regional Ecosystem Service Values Based on RS

生态服务价值是反映一个区域生态环境状况的优劣和整体生态效益大小的重要概念与指标。根据研究区土地利用特点和生态系统类型特征,选取适合研究区的植被净初级生产力、植被覆盖度等生态参数,利用Landsat TM遥感影像、地面观测、气象数据、统计资料等数据,建立了基于遥感定量测算的生态服务价值评估指标与评估模型,对研究区单项和单位面积生态服务价值进行了定量计算。结果表明:研究区在2000—2010年10年间,随着不同土地利用类型之间的相互转换,研究区生态服务价值总量呈逐渐减少的趋势。其中,耕地生态服务价值减少了11.92%,湿地减少了11.75%,总价值减少了5.74%,虽然林地、水域和滩涂的生态服务价值有一定程度的增加,但是未能改变研究区总体生态服务价值不断减少的趋势。在此基础上分析了研究区生态服务价值时空变化规律,揭示了其土地利用与生态服务价值变化之间的内在关系。

Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes that support the role of natural ecosystems and constituent species in supporting human survival and development.Ecosystem services include all natural resources and ecological environments that provide services and benefits to mankind.Their value forms include both tangible and physical forms of direct value,such as raw materials,food,medicine,minerals,water,etc.Intangible,non-physical form of indirect value,such as soil and water conservation,conservation of water,climate regulation,landscape enjoyment.Among them,the evaluation on direct value is easier by using some mature asset measurement methods such as earnings present value method,reset cost method.No ideal method is available for the evaluation of indirect value mainly because the evaluation standards of the ecosystem service function are not unified.Value of ecosystem service is an important concept and an index that reflects the quality of the regional ecological environment status and the measurement of the total ecological benefits.In this study,the Dawa County in Liaoning Province with typical coastal ecological characteristics was taken as an example.Based on the characteristics of land use and the types of ecosystem in the studied area,the ecological indicators including the primary productivity of the vegetation and the vegetation cover were selected and Landsat TM remote sensing image,ground-based observation,meteorological data and statistical data etc.were applied to establish the remote sensing-based assessment criteria and assessment model for quantitative estimation of the value of ecosystem service.The established assessment criteria and model were applied to conduct the quantitative calculation on the value of the single ecosystem service and the value of ecosystem service per unit area.The results indicated that during the decade of 2000-2010,with the inter-conversion of different types of land use,the total value of the ecological service in the studied area displayed the gradual decreasing trend,among which the values of ecological service of the cultivation land,wetland and the total ecological service reduced by 11.92%,11.75%and 5.74%,respectively.The values of ecological services of forest land,water bodies and intertidal zone increased to certain extend,these increased values did not change the continuous decreasing trend of the total value of ecosystem service in the studied area.Based on these assessments,the spatial and temporal changing patterns of the values of ecosystem service in the studied area were analyzed to reveal their intrinsic relationship between the land use and the changes in values of ecosystem service.This study can provide the new idea for regional ecosystem service values evaluation.The research results can provide the important scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of maintaining ecosystem security in the study area,promoting regional environmental protection,sustainable land use and sustainable development of social economy,and providing important scientific basis for prevention and control of soil erosion in the study area.