干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点空间格局及分异

Spatial Pattern and Difference of Rural Settlements in the Inland River Basin of Arid Region

基于1987年、2001年、2016年3期遥感影像目视解译提取的研究区农村居民点时空分布信息,综合运用GIS空间统计分析、景观格局指数等研究方法,分析了石羊河流域1987—2016年农村居民点空间格局及分异特征。结果表明:在规模上,研究区农村居民点规模整体呈扩展趋势,规模扩展特征差异显著;规模分异特征明显,具体表现在居民点斑块规模越大,斑块数量所占比重越小,并且居民点斑块存在高密度小规模分布和低密度大规模分布的分异特征。在空间分布上,1987—2016年研究区农村居民点整体空间分布格局未发生明显变化,呈低海拔、小坡度、近水系分布的空间特征,但局部集中趋势进一步加强,其中河流和城市周边是农村居民点集聚较明显的区域。在形态特征上,农村居民点斑块复杂性减弱、破碎度降低,形态趋于规则;斑块形态的空间分异特征明显,由于斑块蔓延扩张引起的居民点斑块两级分化趋势加剧。

Based on the spatial and temporal distribution information of rural settlements which was extracted from Landsat TM/OLI and ETM+remote sensing image in 1987,2001 and 2016 by using visual interpretation,and using GIS spatial statistical analysis and landscape index and other research methods,we analyzed the spatial pattern and spatial difference of rural settlements of the Shiyang River Basin in 1987,2001 and 2016.The results indicate that the scale of rural settlements in the research area shows an expanding trend and the characteristics of scale expansion are significant;the scale difference of rural settlements is obvious,showing the larger the pattern scale of distribution is,the smaller the proportion of patches is,and high-density distribution of small patches and low-density large-scale distribution of different characteristics;the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements has not changed obviously during 1987-2016,which is the spatial characteristics of low altitude,small slope and near water resources,but the trend of local agglomeration is further strengthened,and the rivers and the cities′surroundings are the more obvious areas of agglomeration of the rural settlements;the patch complexity of rural settlements is weakened and the fragmentation degree is reduced,and the shape tends to be regular;however,the spatial difference of patch morphology is obvious;the differentiation trend of the patches is intensified due to the expand of patches.