农户生态环境认知与保护行为的差异分析——以农药化肥使用为例

Analysis on the Difference Between Farmers′ Ecological Environment Cognition and Protective Behavior Based on Using Pesticide and Chemical Fertilizer

农户不合理使用农药化肥严重威胁着我国农业生态环境的健康发展,探究农户生态环境认知与保护行为之间的内部关系,对于制定相应的调控措施具有积极的参考价值。利用江西省2 028份农户调查数据,运用增强回归树(BRT)模型分析农户生态环境认知和保护行为的差异性。结果表明:总体上,农户生态环境认知水平较高,但保护行为程度较差,表明农户生态环境认知并不必然导致保护行为,二者之间不存在很强的因果关系;究其原因是农户生态环境认知与其保护行为的影响因素和影响程度不同。影响认知的主要因素依次为实际耕种面积、年龄和外出务工比重,影响行为的则依次为年龄、实际耕种面积和文化程度。年龄、家庭年收入和外出务工比重三个指标对农户生态环境的认知和保护行为的影响方向和程度的差异性在一定程度上解释了认知和行为的不一致性。

The unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers by farmers seriously threatens the healthy development of agricultural ecological environment in China.It has a positive referenced value for formulating corresponding control measures to explore the internal relations of farmers′ecological environment cognition and environmental behavior.Based on the survey data of 2 028 farmers in Jiangxi Province,we used the boosted regression tree(BRT)model to analyze the differences of farmers′ecological environment cognition and environmental behavior.The results showed that:on the whole,the cognition level of farmers′ecological environment is higher,but the degree of environmental behavior is poor,which indicates that farmers′ecological environment cognition and environmental behavior are obviously different.There is no causal relationship.The reason is that the influence factors and influence degree of farmer′s ecological environment cognition and protection behavior are different.The main factors affecting cognition are in the order:cultivated area,age and proportion of migrant workers,the factors affecting the behavior are in the sequence:age,cultivated area and culture degree.The variables of age,family annual income,and the proportion of migrant workers had different effects on ecological environment cognition and environmental behavior,and this explained the inconsistency to some extent.