欠发达山区土地流转的生态效应分析——以晋西北地区为例

Ecological Effect of Land Transfer in Underdeveloped Mountainous Regions——A Case Study of Northwestern Shanxi

脆弱的生态环境与农民的贫困问题一直制约着晋西北地区的可持续发展。近年来城镇化农民现象愈演愈烈,与之相伴的是土地流转的出现。土地流转通过影响微观个体的撂荒坡梁地行为进而影响到了宏观生态环境。从土地流转视角出发,采用二元Logistic和Tobit模型实证估计了土地流转、户主特征、劳动力务工、家庭特征以及耕地特征对农户撂荒坡梁地的影响。研究表明,土地转入显著提高了农户弃种坡梁地的可能性及数目,对改善生态环境有显著促进作用。此外,外出打工及打工收入、耕地细碎化特征均是影响晋西北地区生态环境改善的重要因素。在"互联网+"的大背景下,要积极完善依托互联网而兴起的农地流转平台,积极推进生态脆弱区的土地流转,对改善晋西北的生态环境有积极作用。

Fragile ecological environment and poverty of farmers have restricted the sustainable development of northwestern Shanxi.In recent years,the phenomenon of urbanization farmers is becoming acute,accompanying the emergence of land transfer.The transfer of land affects the macroscopic ecological environment by influencing the behavior of abandoning sloping lands of individuals.From the perspective of land transfer,using binary logistics and tobit methods,we empirically estimated the impact of land transfer,characteristics of the head of household,labor workers,family characteristics and features of arable land on farmers′abandoning sloping lands.The result showed that transferring land significantly increased the possibility and the number of farmers′abandoning sloping lands and had the significant promoting effect on the improvement of the ecological environment;furthermore,temporary working and its income,land fragmentation characteristics were the important factors influencing the improvement of ecological environment in northwestern Shanxi.In the background of‘Internet plus’,it has the positive role in the improvement of ecological environment in northwestern Shanxi to actively improve the platform of farmland transfer relying on the Internet and to promote land circulation in the ecological fragile area.