摘要
近年来,珠三角部分蕉农采用香蕉和甘蔗轮作防控香蕉枯萎病,并取得一定成效,我国古籍《广东新语》也有香蕉-甘蔗轮作的记载,但是关于该轮作模式的作用、效果及控病机理尚不明确。本文研究了连作香蕉地轮作不同年限甘蔗对香蕉枯萎病的控制作用,并从土壤微生态角度探讨其作用机理。试验设置4个处理:连作香蕉11年(CK)、香蕉连作地—甘蔗1年—香蕉1年(GZ1)、香蕉连作地—甘蔗2年—香蕉1年(GZ2)和香蕉连作地—甘蔗3年—香蕉1年(GZ3)。研究轮作甘蔗不同年限对后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率的影响,同时通过测定土壤可培养微生物数量,并利用高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物结构,揭示轮作甘蔗影响后茬香蕉枯萎病发生的土壤微生态机制。结果表明,连作蕉地香蕉枯萎病发病率为49.15%,而轮作甘蔗1年后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率降至17.86%,轮作2年和3年甘蔗后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率仅为1.79%。土壤可培养细菌总数随着轮作甘蔗年限的增加而显著增加,可培养放线菌总数和尖孢镰刀菌则呈逐渐减少的趋势,真菌总数无显著变化。土壤细菌多样性指数随轮作甘蔗年限的增加而降低。假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、浮霉菌目(Planctomycetales)、酸微菌目(Acidimicrobiales)和土壤红杆菌目(Solirubrobacterales)的细菌丰度呈随甘蔗种植年限增加而逐年增加的趋势,并与香蕉枯萎病发病率呈显著负相关关系。酸杆菌目(Acidobacteriales)、红螺菌目(Rhodospirillales)和军团菌目(Legionellales)的细菌丰度则呈随甘蔗种植年限逐年降低趋势,并与香蕉枯萎病发病率呈显著正相关。连作香蕉地轮作甘蔗,能够显著降低后茬香蕉枯萎病的发病率,并且随着甘蔗轮作时间年限的增加,发病率逐年降低。轮作甘蔗通过改变土壤微生物群落结构而间接影响尖孢镰刀菌的生存环境,从而降低香蕉枯萎病发病率,轮作2年甘蔗,即可达到显著控病效果。此结果与《广东新语》中关于香蕉-甘蔗轮作年限的记载一致。
Banana wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense is one of the most widespread and severe diseases in the world.In recent years,banana-sugarcane rotation plantation has been used to prevent and control Fusarium wilt of banana in some farmlands in the Pearl River Delta with good effects.Banana-sugarcane rotation had been recorded in ancient Chinese book Guangdong New Sight,but the role,control effect and mechanism of the rotation system was unclear.Therefore,the control effect of banana Fusarium wilt after different years of sugarcane rotation was studied and soil micro-ecological mechanism discussed in this paper.The complete random design method with 4 treatments of medium-resistance‘Nongke No.1’banana and‘Guangdong Yellow Peel’sugarcane were used in the experiment.The farmland with 11 years of continuous cropping of banana(CK)was the control.Other three treatments were continuous cropping of banana ration with sugarcane for one year(GZ1),two years(GZ2)and three years(GZ3)before replanting banana for 1 year.The banana Fusarium wilt disease incidence after various years of sugarcane rotation was investigated,the numbers of soil culturable micro-organisms measured,and soil microbial composition and structure analyzed using the high-throughput DNA sequencing technique.The results showed that that banana Fusarium wilt incidence in banana continuously planting field was 49.15%.After one year of sugarcane rotation,the incidence dropped to 17.86%and the effect of the relative control was 63.66%.After two or three years of sugarcane rotation,the incidence was only 1.79%and the effect of the relative control was above 95%.The amount of cultivable bacteria increased significantly along with increased year of sugarcane rotation,but the amounts of Fusarium oxysporum and actinomycetes significantly decreased.The amount of fungi did not significantly change.Sequence analysis showed that soil bacterial diversity index reduced with the number of years of sugarcane rotation.The relative abundance of bacteria of Pseudomonadales,Planctomycetales,Acidimicrobiales and Solirubrobacterales apparently increased with increasing number of sugarcane rotation years and had significantly negative correlation with the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt.Meanwhile,bacteria of Acidobacteriales,Rhodospirillales,Legionellales and Enterobacteriales apparently decreased and had significantly positive correlation with the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt.In summary,banana-sugarcane rotation significantly reduced banana wilt incidence,compared with continuous banana cropping system.The inhibiting effect apparently increased with increasing number of years of sugarcane rotation.In two years of sugarcane rotation of banana field,the incidence of banana wilt significantly reduced and the yield of banana significantly increased;which was consistent with the results recorded in the Guangdong New Sight.The changes in bacterial community structure in the soil played an important role in the control of banana Fusarium wilt.
作者
曾莉莎
林威鹏
吕顺
王芳
夏玲
刘文清
伍朝荣
周建坤
杜彩娴
蔡昆争
刘建平
ZENG Lisha;LIN Weipeng;LYU Shun;WANG Fang;XIA Ling;LIU Wenqing;WU Chaorong;ZHOU Jiankun;DU Caixian;CAI Kunzheng;LIU Jianping(Institute of Banana and Vegetable Research,Dongguan 523061,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Tea Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期257-266,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
广东省现代农业科技创新联盟建设项目(2016LM4216)
广东省现代农业产业技术体系(2018LM1027)
东莞市社会科技发展项目(2013108101043)
广东省科技计划项目(2012B020410005)资助~~
关键词
香蕉连作
香蕉-甘蔗轮作
香蕉枯萎病
尖孢镰刀菌
土壤微生物
Continuous banana cropping
Banana-sugarcane rotation
Banana Fusarium wilt
Fusarium oxysporum
Soil micro-organism