古代汉地之部分西域文化考辨

Textual Research on Part of the Western Regional Culture in Ancient Han place

社会文化生成与历史生成相互促生,历史生成涵括或促动社会生成与文化生成,社会文化生成可积淀与敦促历史生成。上古、古代、中世纪及近代,西域文化不断东渐,与中土南北方文化交融生成,逐渐成为现今汉文化的重要构成及其复合性征,此亦历史生成之内容。笔者曾考证古代西亚中亚的马、马术和马球经西域传入汉地;古西域走索(达瓦兹)与西域百戏等竞技影响至汉地扒杆等杂技;西域乐舞、佛典算历和信仰习俗与宝石、香料、果蔬随古玉石之路—香料之路—丝绸之路渐东地。本文考溯昆仑龙池与东西龙之异同;狮子崇拜与狮子舞系缘于近东—中亚模拟兽舞等,由西亚—中亚东传存于舞狮;葡萄酿造与种植由西亚—西域传至汉地;契丹、蒙满角力与汉地相扑糅合,回鹘承匈奴式角觝形成中国西派摔跤;西域佛教石窟、壁画、译经、佛像及信仰民俗东衍。

Social and cultural generation and historical generation lead to each other.Historical generation includes or promotes social generation and cultural generation,and social and cultural generation can accumulate and urge historical generation.This article is a series of articles on the"Western Culture Examination of the History in Ancient Han place.Since ancient times,Antiquity,the Middle Ages and modern times,the culture of the Western Regions has continued to evolve eastward,and it has merged with the cultures of the North and south of Han place,gradually becoming an important component and composite feature of modern Chinese culture.This is also the content of historical generation.The author once verified that the horses,equestrians and polo of the ancient West Asia and Central Asia were introduced into the Han place through the Western Region;The ancient Western Regions walking rope(Dawaz)and the Western Region 100 Opera(plays)and other competitions affected the acrobatics such as the mast of the Han place;Western Regions music and dance,Buddhist scriptures and beliefs customs with gemstones,spices,fruits and vegetables along the ancient jade road-spice road-the Silk Road gone to the East.This article examines the similarities and differences between the Kunlun Longchi and the East and West Dragons;the lion worship and the lion dance are caused by the Near East-Central Asia simulated beast dance,and are transmitted from the West Asia-Central Asia to the south-east Asia lion dance;the grape brewing and planting is transmitted from the West Asia-Western Region to Han place;Khitan,Mongolia,Manchu wrestling merged with the Chinese sumo wrestling,and the Uyghur inherited the Xiongnu style of wrestling to form Chinese Western style wrestling;Western Regions Buddhist grottoes,murals,translations,Buddha statues and beliefs into East.