明清肇庆府州县分防佐杂建置研究

Research of the Subcounty Offical's Establishment and Layout in Zhaoqing Prefecture of Guangdong Province during Ming and Qing Dynasty

巡检、县丞等州县佐杂官员在明清地方基层行政中担负着社会治安的重要职责,其设置与驻地的布局调整往往与地方社会发展脉络有着密切的关系。明中叶以来,广东肇庆府地方长期动荡不安,内有"猺贼"、"流贼"四起,攻州掠县,而南部阳江一带,亦有海寇不时来扰,州县政区变化频繁。在这样的背景之下,佐杂建置发生了较大变化,但在布局上总体仍然遵循着以北部西江沿线与南岭山地为防御重点,以沿江河海岸与驿道控扼为原则的布局。清代开始全面推行佐杂分防,在承袭明代西江布防的基础上又强化了对南部连接高、雷诸府至肇庆、广州驿路通道的控制。此外,从清代分防佐杂治所的位置来看,已由明初的军事要隘转而进驻于人口稠密的墟市地方。

From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,the subcounty offical bear the important responsibility of social security,and its setting and the layout adjustment of the resident often have a close relationship with the local social development.Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the Zhaoqing prefecture in Guangdong has been in a state of turmoil for a long time.Under such a background,there has been a big change in the setting of the subcounty offical.In the layout,it still follows the layout of the northwestern river along the Xijiang River and the Nanling Mountains.In the Qing Dynasty,it began to fully implement the prevention and control of the Miscellaneous Defence.On the basis of inheriting the Xijiang defense in the Ming Dynasty,it strengthened the control of the southern connecting Gaozhou,Leizhou to Zhaoqing and Guangzhou Kushiro passages.In addition,from the position of the defense and prevention subcounty offical,from the military in the early Ming Dynasty,it was stationed in a densely populated market place.