荔枝全程冷链物流碳足迹测算分析及实证研究

Analysis and Empirical Research on the Carbon Footprint Calculation of Litchi in the Whole Cold Chain Logistics

目的针对系统衡量双渠道流通模式下荔枝全程冷链物流的碳排放问题,构建一种计算碳足迹模型,以衡量该过程中的碳排放情况,并对其展开实证研究。方法采用碳排放系数法、投入产出法,测算批发商开设的双渠道流通模式的荔枝采后预冷、流通加工、冷藏运输、贮存、配送、销售以及终端消费者等各环节所产生的碳排放量,并借助Matlab对模型进行优化求解,在设定参数的条件下,以及考虑碳排放的情况下,分别以总成本最小和总碳排放量最小进行运算。结果通过实证可知,总成本均为407.34万元,总碳排放量均为223.14t。通过对断链情况下的荔枝双渠道流通模式碳足迹进行对比分析发现,荔枝在断链的流通模式下的总成本为453.99万元,碳排放量为225.71 t;通过对不同包装下的腐损率进行对比分析发现,在考虑碳排放情况下,腐损率从0上升到30%时,碳排放量上升了4%。结论该模型能有效衡量双渠道流通模式下荔枝全程冷链物流活动的碳足迹,为荔枝运用全程冷链物流的经济效益和环境效益最大化协同的设计和实施提供了支撑。

The work aims to construct a carbon footprint model to measure the carbon emissions in the process,and carry out an empirical study,regarding the problem of systematically measuring the carbon emissions of the whole cold chain logistics of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode.Carbon emission coefficient method and input-output method were used to calculate the carbon emissions from the postharvest pre-cooling,circulation and processing,refrigerated transportation,storage,distribution,sales and end-users of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode set up by wholesalers.With the help of Matlab,the model was optimized and solved.Under the condition of setting parameters and taking into account the carbon emissions,the least total cost and the least total carbon emissions were used for the operation.Based on the empirical evidence,the total cost was 4.0734 million yuan,and the total carbon emissions were 223.14 t.From the comparative analysis on the carbon footprint under the dual-channel circulation mode of litchi in the chain-braking circumstance,the total cost of litchi under the chain-breaking circulation mode was 4.5399 million yuan and the carbon emission was 225.71 t.Different decay rates under different packages were compared and analyzed.Considering the carbon emissions,the decay rate increased from 0 to 30%,and the carbon emissions increased by 4%.The model can effectively measure the carbon footprint of the whole cold chain logistics activities of litchi under the dual-channel circulation mode,and provide support for the design and implementation of the maximum coordination of the economic and environmental benefits of the whole cold chain logistics used by litchi.