呼伦湖湿地遥感变化监测及驱动分析

Remote Sensing Change Monitoring and Driving Analysis of Hulun Lake Wetland

以Landsat遥感影像为数据源,运用非监督分类和人工目视解译的方法,获得呼伦湖1984—2015年7期湿地类型数据,并对呼伦湖湿地动态变化进行分析。结果表明,1984—2015年呼伦湖湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地面积均呈波动性减少态势,面积减少率分别为2.1%和50.6%;河流湿地面积增长了40.2%;坑塘湿地平均每年减少0.65 km^2。1984—2015年沼泽湿地主要转为草地和草甸,坑塘湿地主要转为沼泽湿地、草地和草甸,河流湿地主要转为草地、沼泽湿地和湖泊湿地,湖泊湿地主要转为草地和盐碱地。各类型湿地主要转化为草地、草甸和盐碱地,也存在互相转化的现象。呼伦湖湿地变化的主要自然因素为多年来降水量减少和气温升高导致蒸发量增大,主要人为因素为人口数量、耕地面积和牲畜存栏量的急剧增长使得湿地生态受到破坏。

Using Landsat remote sensing imagery as a data source,unsupervised classification and artificial visual interpretation methods were used to obtain the wetland type data of the seventh phase of Hulun Lake from 1984 to 2015,and the dynamic changes of Hulun Lake wetland were analyzed.The results showed that:During 1984-2015,the Hulun Lake wetland and swamp wetland area showed a decrease in volatility,the area reduction rate was 2.1% and 50.6%,respectively;the river wetland area increased by 40.2%;the Hangtang wetland was reduced by an average of 0.65 km^2 per year.During 1984-2015,swamp wetlands were mainly converted to grasslands and meadows.The Kengtang wetland was mainly converted to swamp wetlands,grasslands and meadows.The river wetland was converted to grassland,swamp wetlands and lake wetlands.The lake wetlands were mainly converted to grassland and saline-alkali land.All types of wetlands were mainly transformed into grasslands,meadows and saline-alkali lands,and there were also mutual transformations.The main natural factors of Hulun Lake wetland change were the decrease of precipitation and the increase of temperature due to the increase of temperature.The main human factors were the drastic increase of the population,cultivated area and livestock population,which damage the wetland ecosystem.