耐盐碱水稻研究现状、问题与建议

Research Status, Problems and Suggestions on Salt-alkali Tolerant Rice

我国有234万hm^2沿海滩涂和1亿hm^2内陆盐碱地,是我国不可多得的土地后备资源,综合利用潜力巨大。水稻作为沿海滩涂和盐碱地改良的首选粮食作物,国内外学者对耐盐碱水稻开展了广泛研究。耐盐碱水稻是指能在盐(碱)浓度0.3%以上的盐碱地生长、单产在300 kg/667 m^2以上的水稻品种。本文对耐盐水稻种质资源筛选、耐盐基因/QTL的定位与克隆、耐盐水稻鉴定与评价方法、耐盐水稻新品种选育及其配套栽培技术的研究进行综述,指出耐盐碱水稻研究中存在的问题,提出进一步加强耐盐碱水稻研究的建议。

There are 2.33 million hectares of coastal beach land and 100million hectares of inland saline-alkali land in China, which are rare land reserve resources and have great potential for comprehensive utilization. As the preferred food crop for coastal beach and saline-alkali land improvement, salt-alkali tolerant rice has been extensively studied by scholars at home and abroad. Salt-alkali tolerant rice refers to rice varieties that can grow in saline-alkali land with a yield of more than 4500kg per hectare under the condition of 0.3% saline-alkali concentration. In this paper, the screen of salt-alkali tolerant rice germplasm resources, the mapping and cloning of salt-tolerant gene/QTL, the identification and evaluation methods of salt-alkali tolerant rice, the breeding of new salt-alkali tolerant rice varieties and the related cultivation techniques were reviewed. The existing problems in salt-alkali tolerant rice research were pointed out, and suggestions for further strengthening salt-alkali tolerant rice research were put forward.