手足口病从感染到发病的分子机制

Molecular mechanism of hand,foot and mouth disease:from infection to disease

手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种常见的儿童传染病,在世界范围内爆发流行,严重危害儿童健康。HFMD由20多种肠道病毒引起,其中最主要的为肠道病毒71(enterovirus 71,EV71)型。大量的研究表明,手足口病取决于病毒、宿主和环境等因素的共同作用。病毒入侵后逃逸宿主天然免疫或获得性免疫反应的监视,引起各种病理反应。这不仅涉及病毒自身的感染特性,也与宿主相关基因,如受体基因、免疫反应基因有密切关系。最近几年,手足口病致病相关宿主基因的研究成为热点,但是这些基因多与地域、种族、人群密切相关,不同地域或者相同地域的不同人群的研究结论常常不尽一致。因此,寻找与HFMD密切关联,广泛适用的致病相关宿主基因很有必要。遗传多样性小鼠(genetic diversity mice)是模拟人群基因多样性、研究复杂性状或疾病的新型工具。本文对已报道的HFMD致病相关宿主基因的研究工作作综述,并对遗传多样性小鼠在HFMD研究的重要作用和意义作展望。

Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),which has spread worldwide,is a common childhood infectious disease and a serious threat to children’s health.HFMD is caused by more than 20 enteroviruses,especially enterovirus 71(EV71).Many studies have shown that HFMD results from the combined effects of virus,host,and environment.After virus invasion,various pathological reactions are caused by escape from surveillance of the host’s natural or acquired immune surveillance.This is not only related to the infection characteristics of the virus,but also to host-related genes such as receptor genes and immune response genes.In recent years,pathogenic host genes related to HFMD have become hot spots for researchers.However,some of the pathogenic related host genes are closely related to regions,races,or populations,and the research conclusion regarding HFMD in different populations in different regions are often not consistent.Therefore,it is necessary to find widely applicable host genes that are closely related to HFMD.Genetic diversity mice are a new tool for simulating population genetic diversity and studying complex traits or diseases.In this paper,we review research on HFMD pathogenicity and related host genes,as well as the advantages of genetic diversity mice in HFMD research.