人力资本、家庭禀赋、就业选择与农户贫困——基于甘肃省贫困村的实证分析

Human Capital,Family Endowment,Labor Employment Options and Rural Family Poverty: An Empirical Analysis Based on Poor Villages in Gansu Province

采用甘肃省国家级贫困县14个建档立卡贫困村的调研数据,分析个体人力资本、家庭禀赋对农村劳动力就业选择和农户贫困的影响及其交互作用,结果表明:人力资本和家庭禀赋的增加有利于农村劳动力就业层级的提高和农户贫困发生的减少,人力资本与家庭禀赋对自主创业的影响具有互补关系、对兼业和非农务工以及农户贫困的影响具有替代关系,人力资本和家庭禀赋与就业选择对农户贫困的影响具有互补关系,家庭禀赋增加比个体人力资本增加的减贫效应更强,自主创业的减贫效应大于兼业、兼业又大于非农务工。因此,农村劳动力就业层级的提升不仅需要个体人力资本水平的配合,还需要家庭禀赋的支持;农村劳动力的就业层级应与其人力资本和家庭禀赋相互支持、相互配合,才能有效提升减贫绩效。

By using the survey data of 14 recorded national-level poor villages in Gansu Province,this paper analyzes the influence and interaction of individual human capital and family endowment on rural labor employment choice and rural family poverty,and the results show that the increase of human capital and family endowment is conducive to the promotion of rural labor employment level and the decrease of rural family poverty incidence,that the impact of human capital and family endowment on self entrepreneurship is complementarily correlated and their impact on part time work,non-agricultural work and rural family poverty has substitution relation,that the influence of human capital,family endowment and employment choice on rural family poverty is complementarily correlated,that the poverty reduction effect by the increase of family endowment is stronger than by the increase of individual human capital,and that the poverty reduction effect of self entrepreneurship is bigger than part time work but the effect of part time work is bigger than non-agricultural work.Thus,the promotion of rural labor employment level not only needs the coordination of individual human capital level but also demands the support by family endowment,and the poverty reduction performance can be effectively promoted by the interactive support and coordination of rural labor employment level and human capital and family endowment.