基于最小累积阻力模型的内蒙古胜利煤田景观生态安全格局构建

Construction of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern of Shengli Coalfield in Inner Mongolia Based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model

胜利煤田是我国重要煤炭基地,大规模的煤炭资源开发,导致当地生态环境严重退化。对2016年胜利煤田高分一号影像进行解译判读并划分景观类型的基础上,采用最小累积阻力模型对胜利煤田进行景观生态安全格局构建,包括生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点的识别。通过景观斑块质量评价进行源地识别,选取质量最高的斑块作为生态源地;基于景观自身因子和邻近景观干扰因子,构建了阻力面,利用最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道;根据水文分析模型在最小累积耗费距离表面上提取最大累积阻力"山脊线",与生态廊道结合,得到生态节点。构建的胜利煤田景观生态安全格局包括10片生态源地、24条生态廊道和29个生态节点。建议对生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点加强生态保护和恢复,提高区域生态稳定性。

Shengli Coalfield is an important coal base in China.However,it had undergone serious degradation of the ecological environment in this region due to the large-scale exploitation of coal resources.The GF1 images in 2016 were manually interpreted to generate a landscape type map on the basis of the landscape classification in Shengli Coalfield.The landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield was constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model,which including the identification of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes.Source identification was carried out by selecting the highest quality patches as ecological sources based on the evaluation of landscape quality.The resistance surface was generated with the landscape self-factors and adjacent landscape disturbance factors.The ecological corridors were extracted by using the minimum cumulative resistance model.Ecological nodes were identified by combining the maximum cumulative resistance "ridge line",which was extracted on the minimum cumulative cost distance surface under hydrological analysis model,with ecological corridors.Landscape ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield is composed of 10 ecological sources,24 ecological corridors and 29 ecological nodes.Ecological protection and restoration of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes should be strengthened so as to improve regional ecological stability.