塞罕坝国家森林公园主要食叶害虫的发生特点及测报分析

Occurrence Characteristics and Prediction and Forecast of the Main Defoliating Pests in Saihanba National Forest Park

为提升塞罕坝国家森林公园害虫的防治水平和效果,于2015—2018年对该公园的主要食叶害虫的发生特点、危害情况等进行了调查,同时进行了春秋两季测报分析。结果表明,塞罕坝国家森林公园主要食叶害虫为落叶松毛虫Dendrolimus superans(Butler)、落叶松尺蛾Erannis ankeraria Staudinger、落叶松线小卷蛾Zeiraphera lariciana Kawabe、松线小卷蛾Z.grisecana(Hubner)。其中,发生面积最大和危害最重的是落叶松尺蛾,2018年发生面积4709hm^2;其次为2种线小卷蛾,发生面积158hm^2。4种害虫均多发生于阳坡、曼甸等地,其中落叶松尺蛾常发生于山洼、林内,海拔集中在1500m以上,并且在郁闭度达到0.85时,害虫危害加重。根据主要食叶害虫发生的生物学特性和季节发育繁殖情况,可以对下一年度或者季节的发生情况进行准确预测。

In order to improve the level and effect of pest management in Saihanba National Forest Park,we surveyed the occurrence characteristics and damage condition of main defoliating pests from 2016 to 2018,and analyzed the Prediction and Forecast in spring and autumn.The main defoliating pests in Saihanba National Forest Park are Dendrolimus superans(Butler),Erannis ankeraria Staudinger,Zeiraphera lariciana Kawabe,Z.grisecana(Hubner),in which the largest occurrence area and most serious damage caused by Erannis ankeraria Staudinger with 4709 hm2 of occurrence area in 2018 and the second occurrence area occurred by Zeiraphera lariciana Kawabe and Z.grisecana(Hubner)with 158 hm2 of occurrence area.These 4 pests most occurred in the places of sunny slope and lava platform,in which Erannis ankeraria Staudinger often occurred in low-lying parts of mountains and interior forest areas with its damage more serious when canopy density reached to 0.85.Based on the biological characteristics of occurrence and seasonal development and reproduction of these main defoliating pests,we could make the accurate predication and forecast for next year or season.