热辐射暴露下消防员的生理反应及皮肤烧伤预测

Predictions of physiological reaction and skin burn of firefighter exposing to thermal radiation

为优化消防服热防护性能的评价准则,基于消防服热传递规律与人体热生理调节机制,建立了消防员生理反应与皮肤烧伤预测模型,利用服装热防护性能测试平台对比分析了平均皮肤温度、核心温度的变化趋势与预测误差。结果表明:基于模型预测的平均皮肤温度与核心温度均略大于实验测量结果,但总体变化趋势与实验结果具有较高的一致性;在热暴露条件下消防员面临着皮肤烧伤与热应激的双重威胁,皮肤烧伤更多发生在热暴露阶段,热应激更可能产生在热暴露结束之后,这是由于热传递的滞后效应导致;消防服热防护性能的评价需要综合考虑皮肤烧伤与人体热应激作为评价指标,从而更加准确地标定及优化消防服的热防护性能。

In order to improve the evaluation criteria on thermal protective performance of firefighting protective clothing, the prediction model on physiological reaction and skin burn of firefighter exposing to thermal radiation was developed based on mechanisms of heat transfer in clothing and human thermal physiological regulation. The changing trend and prediction deviation of mean skin temperature and core temperature were analyzed by the thermal protective performance tester of clothing. The results demonstrat that the mean skin temperature and core temperature predicted by the model are slightly larger than the values measured by the experiment, but the overall trend presents higher consistence with the experimental results. Additionally, firefighters in the heat exposure subject to threats of both skin burn and heat stress. The skin burn is caused during the exposure while it is more likely to produce heat stress after the end of exposure, which is attributed to lag effect of heat transfer. Therefore, the skin burn and the heat stress should be both used to more precisely characterize and improve the thermal protective performance of firefighting protective clothing.