人工智能生成发明专利授权之正当性探析

Analysis on the Justifi cation of Granting Patents to Artifi cial Intelligence Generated Inventions

人工智能在其应用的多个不同领域都能够独立地生成发明,典型的人工智能发明者包括作为人工神经网络的"创造力机器"、遗传编程的"发明机器"和机器人科学家"亚当"。人工智能生成的发明能否被授予专利权因而成为现实的法律问题。尽管面临着劳动财产说和人格权理论等哲学观念障碍,专利授权除外客体和可专利性等法律要件障碍,以及影响专利审查、人类创新和产业竞争等方面的制度实施障碍,但是从专利法促进科技进步的根本宗旨、契合时代发展的动态解释原则和人工智能生成发明的基本特点等角度考量,授予人工智能生成的发明专利权仍然是我们应当做出的正确选择。

Artificial intelligence can independently generate inventions in many different areas of its application.Typical artificiallyintelligent inventors include the artificial neural network“creativity machine”,the genetic programming“invention machine”and the robotic scientist“Adam”.Whether artificial intelligence generated inventions can be granted patent rights thus become a real legal question.Although facing with the bar riers such as labor property theory and personality right theory,the legal requirements such as the excluded patent subject matter and the patentability,and the negative influence to patent examination,human innovation and industrial competition,from t he perspectives of the patent law's fundamental purpose of promoting the progress of science and technology,the principle of dynamic interpretation according to the deve lopment of the times,and the basic characteristics of the invention of artificial intelligence,granting patent rights to AI-generated inventions is still the right choice that we should make.