甜菜稳产提糖栽培技术研究与应用

Study and Application of Cultivation Practices for Stable Yield and High Sugar Content in Sugar Beet

为促进甘肃省甜菜生产发展,引进筛选出适宜本地种植的LN90910、HYB-74、MK4081、LN90909、MK4087等丰产高糖甜菜新品种,并积极开展适宜密度、地膜覆盖、科学施肥、合理轮作等稳产提糖配套栽培技术研究,经组装配套,在生产中推广应用成效明显。试验结果表明,引进适种甜菜品种的适宜种植密度为100 050～111 150株/hm^2;白色和黑色地膜全覆盖均对甜菜根产、含糖及节水有明显促进作用,黑色地膜略优于白色地膜;氮磷钾硼锌等营养素合理配比有利于提高甜菜产质量,氮肥过量不利于糖分积累;甜菜施用莱姆佳专用肥1125 kg/hm^2,比常规施肥增产,含糖增加,增加纯效益2443.5元/hm^2;重茬和迎茬的甜菜褐斑病、黄化毒病、丛根病和根腐病发病率分别比3年轮作高8.7～23.6、16.5～40.8、19.8～34.0和18.2～24.6个百分点,轮作年限越短各种病害越重。示范结果表明,在张掖市甘州区,示范推广面积150 hm^2,平均甜菜根产量达到85 200 kg/hm^2,含糖率16.6%;在武威市凉州区,示范推广面积110 hm^2,甜菜根产量达到88 440 kg/hm^2,含糖率15.7%;在酒泉肃州区,示范推广面积140 hm^2,平均甜菜根产量达到88 050 kg/hm^2,含糖率15.9%;示范区平均甜菜根产量增加14.0%～16.5%,含糖率提高1.5～2.0度,成效显著。本研究为甘肃甜菜生产发展提供适宜的集成栽培技术。

In order to promote the development of sugar beet production in Gansu province,new sugar beet varieties with high yield and high sugar content were introduced and locally tested,some of them such as LN90910,HYB-74,MK4081,LN90909 and MK4087 were suitable for local planting.In addition,the matching cultivation practices for improving yield and sucrose content were developed,such as suitable density,film mulching,scientific fertilization and rational rotation.These practices have been assembled and matched,their popularization and application contributed greatly to the sugar beet production.The results showed that the suitable planting density of sugar beet was 100050-111150 plants/ha;both white and black mulch had significant effects on sugar beet root yield,sugar content and water saving,and the effect of black one was slightly better than white one.The reasonable ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,boron,zinc and other nutrients was beneficial in improving the yield and quality of sugar beet.However,nitrogen fertilizer excess was not conducive to the sugar content.With application of Lemjia special fertilizer at the rate of 1125 kg/ha,the yield and sugar content increased,and the net benefits increased by 2443.5 yuan/ha.The incidence rate of beet leaf spot,yellow virus,rhizomania and root rot for 2 or 3-year continuous cropping were 8.7%-23.6%,16.5%-40.8%,19.8%-34.0% and 18.2%-24.6% higher than the 3-year rotation,respectively;the shorter the rotation,the more serious the diseases.The demonstration results showed that the demonstration extension area in Ganzhou district of Zhangye city was 150 ha,the average sugar beet root yield was 85200 kg/ha,and the sugar content was 16.6%.The demonstration extension area in Liangzhou district of Wuwei city was 110 ha,the average sugar beet root yield was 88440 kg/ha,and the sugar content was 15.7%.The demonstration extension area in Suzhou district of Jiuquan city was 140 ha,the average sugar beet root yield was 88050 kg/ha,and the sugar content was 15.9%.The average of sugar beet root yield and the sugar content in all demonstration increased tremendously by 14.0%-16.5% and 1.5%-2.0%,respectively.These studies provided suitable integrated cultivation practices for sugar beet production and development of sugar industry in Gansu province.