房车车架分析及结构优化设计

Analysis and Structural Optimization Design of a RV Frame

以拖挂式房车为研究对象,利用Hyperworks系列软件,建立其原始车架的有限元模型,并对其进行了三种典型工况(弯曲工况、左轮悬空工况、右轮悬空工况)下的静力学分析,发现原车架结构有优化的必要。在概念设计阶段重新对该房车车架进行设计,引入了拓扑优化理论及方法,对其进行单工况和多工况的拓扑优化设计,得到了传力路径清晰、材料分布合理的拓扑优化单元密度分布云图。通过对拓扑优化结果的合理解读以及对车架进行重构和有限元分析,并将其与原始车架进行对比,显示优化后的车架性能有所提升,满足结构刚强度要求,且质量减轻13. 4%,轻量化效果明显,可以为拖挂式房车车架的拓扑优化设计提供参考。

In this paper,with towable RVs as research object,a finite element model based on the original frame is established using Hyperworks series software,with static analysis under three typical working conditions (bending condition,left wheel hovering condition and right wheel hovering condition) carried out,indicating the necessity to optimize the structure of the original frame.At the conceptual design stage,the frame was redesigned,with the theory and method of topological optimization introduced to optimize the frame under single and multiple working conditions.The topological optimization result,a contour plot of element density distribution of with a clear transmission path and obvious and reasonable material distribution,was obtained.By reasonably interpreting the results of topology optimization,the frame was reconstructed and analyzed with a finite element method.Compared with the original frame,the performance of the optimized frame was improved and met the structural stiffness and strength requirements,with the weight reduced by 13.4%,noticeable lightweight effects obtained,which can provide reference for the topology optimization design of towable RV frames.