华北落叶松人工林质量精准提升中的树种选择研究

Selection of Tree Species in Accurate Quality Improvement of Larix Principis-rupprechtii Plantation

[目的]研究山西省北部人工华北落叶松纯林质量精准提升中的树种混交策略,为该地区的森林经营提供参考。[方法]在管涔山设置华北落叶松不同混交模式和不同起源的固定样地,2010年和2015年夏分别对样地内胸径≥5.0cm的样木进行每木检尺。采用单因素方差分析和t检验比较不同起源、不同混交模式下混交树种生长量的差异显著性。[结果](1)与华北落叶松混交的树种,胸径生长量ΔD表现为:ΔD白桦>ΔD白杄>ΔD山柳,胸高断面积生长量ΔS表现为:ΔS白桦>ΔS白杄>ΔS山柳,蓄积生长量ΔV表现为:ΔV白桦≈ΔV白杄>ΔV山柳。(2)不同混交模式下,华北落叶松的ΔS和ΔV差异不显著。(3)天然中幼林条件下,混交树种的生长量为:白杄>白桦>山柳;人工中幼林条件下,混交树种的生长量白桦最大。(4)白杄与天然华北落叶松混交的生长量大于与人工华北落叶松混交,白桦与人工华北落叶松混交的生长量大于与天然华北落叶松混交。[结论]在人工华北落叶松纯林的幼龄阶段,林间空地栽植白桦,构建华北落叶松—白桦斑块混交结构。通过针阔树种的混交,营造较为稳定、接近天然状态的生态环境。当白桦生长量下降、生态功能减弱后,采伐长势不良的白桦,在林冠下层补植白杄,形成稳定的华北落叶松—白杄混交、复层、异龄林。

[Objective]The tree species mixation strategy in accurate quality improvement of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation was studied in order provide reference for the forest management in the north of Shanxi Province.[Methods]Permanent sample plots of Larix principis-rupprechtii forests were set in Guancen Mountain with different mixed modes and different origins.The diameters were measured at breast height of each tree whose diameter was more than 5.0 cm in the sample plot in the summers of 2010 and 2015,respectively.The differences of the growth of mixed tree species under different origins and different mixed modes were compared by ANOVA and t test.[Results]①For the tree species mixed with Larix principis-rupprechtii,the growth of DBH was as follows:ΔD Betula platyphylla>ΔD Picea meyeri>ΔD Salix pseudotangii,the basal area increment of chest height was as follows:ΔS Betula platyphylla>ΔS Picea meyeri>ΔS Salix pseudotangii,the cumulative growth rate is as follows:ΔV Betula platyphylla≈ΔV Picea meyeri>ΔV Salix pseudotangii.②Under different mixed modes,the differences ofΔS andΔV of Larix principis-rupprechtii were insignificant.③Under the condition of natural young and middle aged forests,the growth of mixed tree species was ranked as follows:Picea meyeri>Betula platyphylla>Salix pseudotangii;Under the condition of young and middle aged plantation,the growth of Betula platyphylla was the largest.④The growth of Picea meyeri with natural Larix principis-rupprechtii was larger than the one with the planted Larix principis-rupprechtii;the growth of Betula platyphylla with planted Larix principis-rupprechtii was larger than that with the natural one.[Conclusion]In the young ages of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation,Betula platyphylla can be planted in the glade,which can form a mosaic mixed structure of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla.Through the mixed plantation of broadleaf tree species with Larix principis-rupprechtii,a more stable and near-natural ecological environment will be created.When the growth and the ecological function of Betula platyphylla declines,Betula platyphylla that cannot play effective ecological function should be cut and Picea meyeri is advised to planted under the canopy.Larix principis-rupprechtii and Picea meyeri can form stable,mixed,multilayer and different aged forests.