“农商社会”说的学术背景与理论资源

The Academic Background and Theoretical Resources of “Agro-mercantile Society” Theory

"农商社会"说是在21世纪初学界重新概括中国传统社会特质及演进轨迹的背景下提出的一种理论假说。该假说认为,从产业变迁角度看,两宋时期经济结构已经发生部分质变——即汉唐时期的单一农业为主此时转变为农商并重,中国传统社会由此进入"农商社会"。"农商社会"以两宋为历史起点,一直延续到明清时期,并于20世纪后期逐步进入现代工商社会。"农商社会"理论的提出主要依赖于中国历史发展的史实基础,也得益于一些理论资源的启发,如区域经济史理论、"唐宋变革期"理论、超长期增长理论和新制度经济理论等。同时宋代政要和学者对其自身所处社会农商并重经济结构之观察也给"农商社会"说以有力佐证。

The theory of“Agro-mercantile Society”is a theoretical hypothesis presented first under the academic background of re-generalization of the characteristics and evolving path of Chinese traditional society in the beginning years of 21th century.This hypothesis holds that the economic structure of the Song Dynasty has undergone some qualitative changes from the perspective of industrial evolving.That is,the single agriculture in the Han and Tang dynasties changed to the agricultural-Commercial structure.As a result,Chinese traditional history evolved into the Agro-mercantile society.Taking the Song Dynasty as the historical starting point,the Agro-mercantile society lasted in Ming and Qing dynasties,and gradually replaced by the modern Industrial-Commercial society in the late 20th century.The theory of Agricultural-Commercial society mainly depends on the historical evidence of Chinese history,and also benefits from the enlightenments of many theoretical resources,such as the theory of regional economic history,the theory of reforming period between Tang and Song dynasties,the theory of very-long term growth and the theory of new institutional economics.At the same time,the observation of politicians and scholars in Song Dynasty also offers a strong support to the theory of Agro-mercantile Society.