后工业化时期中国小城镇高质量发展的路径选择

The Path Selection for High Quality Development of China's Small Towns in Post-industrialization Period

在中国城镇化由数量扩张型发展向质量提升型发展的转型阶段,促进城镇体系薄弱环节——小城镇的高质量发展具有重要意义。区别于已有文献基于增长目标和以城市为对象的研究,本文用产城融合测度小城镇高质量发展,从人的城镇化和小城镇发展的角度考察中国城镇化转型发展下的空间模式选择问题。对中部地区的实证研究发现,小城镇发展质量和到中心城市地理距离之间具有"∽"型关系,这与新经济地理学的城镇体系空间模式一致;城镇规模对发展质量提升作用大的毗邻中心城市的小城镇,将与中心城市发展成为联系紧密的都市区;工业经济对发展质量提升作用大的一些县城,将成长为中小城市并和其毗邻小城镇形成小都市区;在中国新型城镇化格局中,都市区是承上启下的关键一环,应在城市群为主体的城镇化格局战略框架下,将都市区和小都市区作为城镇化空间模式的主要载体。不同类型小城镇高质量发展的路径不同,毗邻中心城市的小城镇通过融入都市区实现高质量发展,一些县城及其毗邻小城镇通过成长为小都市区实现高质量发展,其他小城镇主要通过乡镇合并扩大城镇规模、扩展市场服务范围以及发展特色产业提升发展质量。

It is of great significance to accelerate high quality development of small towns which are the weak links in China’s urban system,as China’s urbanization is under transformation from speed to quality.Different from the existing literature based on the growth objective and taking city as the research subject,this paper studies the selection of China’s urbanization space pattern in the stage of urbanization transformation development from the perspective of small town development and the human urbanization,using city-industry integration measure.Taking central China as a research case,the results show that there is a“∽”-shaped relationship between the development quality of small towns and the distance to the nearest central city,which is consistent with the urban system space pattern of new economic geography.The small towns adjacent to central cities whose urban size have great effects on development quality,will integrate into central cities and form metropolitan areas.Some county towns whose industries have great effects on development quality,will grow into small and medium-sized cities and form small metropolitan areas with their adjacent small towns.Under the strategic framework of urban agglomeration,China should take the metropolitan area as the main carrier for urbanization space pattern because the metropolitan area is the key link in China’s new type of urbanization.Different types of small towns have different paths of high quality development.Small towns adjacent to central cities achieve high quality development by integrating into metropolitan areas.Some county towns and their adjacent small towns achieve high quality development by growing into small metropolitan areas.The main direction of upgrading development for a lot of other small towns is to enlarge the scale,expand the market scope by means of merging villages and towns,and develop characteristic industries.