语言生态学:静观演化勇作为

The Ecology of Language:Positive Interference in Language Evolution

语言生态学是对语言与外在生态环境(包括语言之间)关系之宏观性研究。其目标是维持人类语言(及文化)的多样性。在当前全球化情势下人类语言多样性正遭到空前的破坏。但与之对抗的力量仍然存在,比如鄙准语和混合语的产生、语言规划和语言政策的有效推行、死语言的复活、国际辅助语的创制和应用。文章考察了濒危语言的抢救和双语政策的实施、强国语言的起落(尤其是法语的浮沉及其对英语语言帝国主义的抵制),论证了汉语固本生存和向国际推广的一些积极办法。

The ecology of language is a macrocosmic study in the relations among a language and its outside environments (also among languages) with an aim to the maintenance of the diversity of human languages (and cultures). In the present situation of globalization, the diversity of human languages is being destroyed unprecedentedly. Yet there still exist forces against such a tendency, e. g., the emergence of pidgins and creoles, the enforcement of language planning and language policy, the revival of a dead language, and the creation and application of an international auxiliary language. This article makes a survey of the salvation of endangered languages and the implementation of bilingual policies;and, drawing historical lessons from the rise and fall of some powerful states'languages (especially the instance of the French language and its resistance to the English linguistic imperialism), it argues for the positive measures to guarantee the survival of the Chinese language and its international dissemination.