马克思主义现代性与启蒙精神的三重断裂探析

The Triple Breakdown between Modernity and the Spirit of Enlightenment from Marxism

启蒙运动形成的一系列现代精神随着资本主义制度的建立与发展得以在形式上实现,但是启蒙精神的理想形式则在资本主义社会条件下发生了背离,并生成了资本主义现代性的特征,从而加强了资本主义的统治地位。马克思恩格斯正是基于现代性对于启蒙构造的感性与理性的断裂、个体与社会的断裂、资本与劳动的断裂开始阐述资本主义现代性的形成对启蒙精神的背离,进而展开对资本主义的总体性批判的。马克思恩格斯对启蒙断裂的批判对于理解资本主义现代性的形成与发展具有重要的意义。

A series of modern spirits formed by the Enlightenment were formally realized with the establishment and development of the capitalist system.However,the ideal form of the spirit of enlightenment deviates from the capitalist society and generates the characteristics of capitalist modernity,thus strengthening the dominant position of capitalism.Marx and Engels started to expound the deviation of capitalist modernity from the spirit of Enlightenment Based on the break of sensibility and rationality of the enlightenment structure,the break of individual and society,and the break of capital and labor,and then launched a general criticism of capitalism.Marx and Engels'criticism of the enlightenment break is of great significance for understanding the formation and development of capitalist modernity.