可遗传基因组编辑引起的伦理和治理挑战

Ethical and Governance Challenges Raised by Heritable Genome Editing

集中讨论可遗传基因组编辑引起的伦理和治理挑战。首先介绍了可遗传基因组编辑讨论的背景,指出美国科学院的《人类基因组编辑:科学、伦理学和治理》以及英国纳菲尔德生命伦理学理事会的《基因组编辑和人类生殖:社会和伦理问题》这两篇报告的重要意义;然后讨论了反对和支持可遗传基因组编辑的论证,指出了从哲学概念出发的哲学论证与从实际出发的生命伦理学论证之间的区别;最后指出在实施可遗传基因组编辑之前必须建立伦理框架和治理安排,并进一步论述了伦理框架和治理安排的初步建议。

This article focuses on the ethical and governance challenges raised by heritable genome editing.First it describes the background of the discussions on heritable genome editing and points out the significance of these two documents:National Academy of Science's Human Genome Editing:Science,Ethics and Governance and Nuffield Council on Genome Editing and Human Reproduction:Social and Ethical Issues.Then it discusses the arguments against and for heritable genome editing,and points out the difference between those philosophical arguments from philosophical notions and bioethical arguments based on scientific and empirical practices.Finally,it argues that before conducting heritable genome editing,an ethical framework should be built and governance at different levels should be arranged,and the preliminary recommendations are also proposed in this article.