宋代巫祝卜相的文化水平及数量

The Cultural Level and Number of Wu Zhu and Buxiang in Song Dynasty

巫祝普遍拥有相当高的智商,其中也有士人参加。就其职业本身而言,做法事需要书写上报神灵的奏章,很多巫师主导的民俗宗教或秘密宗教也有经文著作,敬神作法活动中经常有文字出现,还有巫祝自己的法术文字体系符箓,他们绝非"愚夫愚妇"。卜相类职业群体拥有较高的知识技能,文化水平远过巫师,他们将传统的占卜学发展到前所未有的顶峰,可谓对历史文化作出了一大贡献。风水学的大普及,使宋代成为堪舆术发展的鼎盛时期。占卜算命同样需要足够的文化基础,如果仅以会读写为标准,相士卦师基本都能做到。巫祝卜相作为一个民间不可或缺的职业参与人数广泛存在,数量巨大,有文化者全国50万余人。

Wu Zhu generally has a fairly high intelligence quotient,among which there are also scholars.As far as the profession is concerned,Wu Zhu needs to write to report the gods when doing religious ceremonies.Many folk religious or secret religions led by wizards also have scriptures.There are often words in the practice of worshipping gods,and there are witches wishing their own spell-writing system.They are by no means"ignorant men and women".The professional groups of Buxiang have higher knowledge and skills,and their cultural level is far beyond the wizards.They have developed the traditional divination to an unprecedented peak,which has made a great contribution to history and culture.The popularity of Feng Shui made Song Dynasty become the heyday of the development of the geomantic omen.Divination and fortune-telling also require a sufficient cultural foundation.If only using reading and writingas the standard,physiognomists and divinators can basically do it.As a folk indispensable profession,the number of people involved in Wu Zhu and Buxiang is widespread and huge,and among them,there are more than 500,000 literate people in the whole country.