新型尿素对新疆哈密瓜产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响

Effects of New Urea on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization of Hami Melon in Xinjiang

【目的】研究几种新型肥料对新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响,筛选出适宜新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜施用的新型尿素。【方法】以黄皮9818号品种为研究对象,在相同氮磷钾(P_2O_(5 )140 kg/hm^2、K_2O 150 kg/hm^2)的基础上,施用普通尿素处理为对照,分析大田试验下施用几种新型尿素(等氮量聚能网尿素、等氮量腐殖酸尿素、控失尿素、等氮量含锌尿素、等氮量常规尿素加锌处理)下哈密瓜干物质、产量、养分吸收、氮肥利用及品质情况。【结果】相对于普通尿素处理,几种新型尿素处理均增加了哈密瓜产量及植株地上部分干物质量,其中等氮量腐殖酸尿素施用后的哈密瓜产量和干物质最高,分别为30 452和2 724 kg/hm^2;相对于普通尿素而言,等氮量聚能网尿素、等氮量腐殖酸尿素、控失尿素均显著增加哈密瓜的氮肥利用率和氮肥的农学效率,其中等氮量腐殖酸尿素效果更佳明显,氮肥利用率为36.08%、氮肥的农学效率为40.84 kg/kg;相对于普通尿素、等氮量聚能网尿素、控失尿素、等氮量含锌尿素、等氮量常规尿素加锌处理,等氮量腐殖酸尿素更好提高了哈密瓜的心糖含量且糖梯度最低。【结论】等氮量腐殖酸尿素的施用在新疆吐鲁番哈密瓜作用上效果最好。

【Objective】To find out the effects of several new types of fertilizer on the yield,quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization of Hami melon in Turpan,Xinjiang for screening out a new type of urea suitable for the application of Hami melon in Turpan,Xinjiang.【Method】In this experiment,Huangpi 9818 was used as the research object.On the basis of the same nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(P 2O 5 140 kg/hm^2,K 2O 150 kg/hm^2),the dry matter,yield,nutrient absorption,nitrogen utilization and quality of Hami melon under several new urea treatments(equal nitrogen amount net urea,equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea,controlled lost urea,equal nitrogen amount zinc urea,and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment)under field experiment were analyzed by using common urea treatment as control.【Result】The results showed that the yield of Hami melon and the quality of the dry matter on the ground were increased compared with the ordinary urea treatment.The yield and dry matter of Hami melon after the application of humic acid urea were the highest,30,452 kg/hm 2 and 2,724 kg/hm 2 respectively.Nitrogen humic acid urea and control urea significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency of Hami melon and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.The effect of urea on urea was better,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was 36.08%,the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was 44.84 kg/kg.Compared with the common urea,equal nitrogen amount net urea,equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea,controlled lost urea,equal nitrogen amount zinc urea,and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment could improve the carotene content of Hami melon and the sugar gradient was the lowest.【Conclusion】All factors considered,the application of equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea has the best effect on Hami melon in Turpan,Xinjiang.