欧美有机农业补贴政策分析——基于农业生产环境视角

Enhancing the environmental awareness of agricultural production and organic agriculture development——Based on the enlightenments from European and American subsidy policy for organic farming

从2007年开始中国有机农业发展迅猛,这与消费者认为有机食品主要代表着安全与健康有着密切联系,但这与欧美以保护生态环境为出发点的有机农业存在差异。经过几十年的发展,以德国和美国为代表的欧美国家各自已经形成了一套成熟的有机农业支持体系。从补贴政策来看,德美两国都强调有机农业对改善生态环境的功能。虽然两国都十分重视生产者的补贴,但德国倾向于保护生产者收益,美国则倾向于价格市场化和产品开发。中国还没有形成系统的有机农业补贴政策体系,现阶段应该重新审视有机农业的生产功能,从保护环境和生态安全的角度出发,着重建立普惠制的补贴政策、加强生产者和消费者对有机农业生产环境的认识,以及加大科研和数据收集领域的投入。

Chinese organic farming has been growing dramatically since 2007,which is closely linked to consumers’ cognitions of organic food—safety and health;however,unlike in Europe and the US,environmentally friendly agriculture is considered as the starting point for promoting organic farming.After several decades of developments,Germany and the US have already developed a mature supporting system of organic farming.Specifically,Germany is more focused on producers’ interest,while the US prefers to promote price marketization.China,without systematic subsidy policies,need to seriously review the current organic framing system.This research suggests that the government should establish subsidy schemes for all producers,enhance relative propaganda and education to producers and consumers,and reinforce the scientific research and data collection.