东北地区日光温室冬季能量分配模型的建立

Establishment of Winter Energy Distribution Model for Solar Greenhouse in Northeast China

科学地把握日光温室内的能量转化及消耗,对于优化温室结构,建立合理的温室管理策略有着重要的理论价值与实际应用价值。以东北地区较为典型的日光温室作为试验温室,对温室内外的温度和光照等环境因子进行实时监测,充分考虑植物蒸腾作用的影响,将照射到温室前屋面、后墙、后坡、番茄群体、土壤各部分表面的太阳辐射能作为入射能量,建立温室内各表面能量分配模型,对比分析温室内各种能耗途径日变化规律及不同月份的能量消耗情况。结果表明:通过分析温室前屋面、后墙、后坡、番茄群体、土壤各部分表面温度的预测值(y)与实测值(x),计算回归方程分别为y=0.9269x+1.5101、y=0.8609x+1.4668、y=1.0469x-0.195、y=1.2582x-2.5613和y=0.9675x+1.105;决定系数R2分别为0.8993,0.9340,0.9598,0.9273,0.8148。可见,各部分预测结果与实测结果符合度较好,模型能较准确的模拟出温室内各部分结构的能量流动情况。探究不同月份温室能量消耗情况,在沈阳地区10月和11月,日光温室能耗途径中潜热能耗占主要部分,但在沈阳地区最为寒冷的12月,白天潜热能耗可以降低,日光温室的传热能量损失变为主要部分,尤其是前屋面的传热能耗是日光温室传热能耗最为薄弱部分。冬季日光温室夜间能量消耗途径中传热能耗占主要部分,其次为冷风渗透能量消耗,土壤在日光温室夜间起到室内保温作用。本研究建立的日光温室冬季能量分配模型能够较准确地预测东北地区日光温室冬季能量分配情况,可应用于实际生产管理之中,对温室每日能量消耗进行精准模拟监控,为作物生产管理提供理论依据。

Scientific grasp of energy conversion and consumption in solar greenhouse has important theoretical value and practical application value for optimizing greenhouse structure and establishing reasonable greenhouse management strategy.Taking the typical solar greenhouse in Northeast China as the experimental greenhouse,the environmental factors such as temperature and light inside and outside the greenhouse were monitored in real time,and the influence of plant transpiration was fully taken into account.The solar radiation energy irradiated on the front roof,back wall,back slope,tomato population and the surface of various parts of the soil in greenhouse was taken as the incident energy.The energy distribution model of each surface in greenhouse was established,and the diurnal variation of energy consumption in greenhouse and the energy consumption in different months were compared and analyzed.The results showed that by analyzing the predicted value(y)and measured value(x)of surface temperature of greenhouse front roof,back wall,back slope,tomato population and soil parts,the regression equations were y=0.9269x+1.5101,y=0.8609x+1.4668,y=1.0469x-0.195,y=1.2582x-2.5613 and y=0.9675x+1.105,respectively,and the determinant coefficients were 0.8993,0.9340,0.9598,0.9273 and 0.8148.The predicted results of each part were in good agreement with the measured results,and the model could accurately simulate the energy flow of each part of the greenhouse structure.To explore the energy consumption of greenhouse in different months,latent heat consumption accounts for the main part of energy consumption in Solar Greenhouse in October and November of winter in Shenyang.However,in the coldest December in Shenyang,the energy consumption of latent heat in daytime could be reduced,and the heat loss of solar greenhouse became the main part,especially the transmission of front roof.Thermal energy consumption was the weakest part of heat transfer in solar greenhouse.In winter,the energy consumption of heat transfer accounted for the main part of the energy consumption at night in solar greenhouse,followed by the energy consumption of cold air infiltration.Soil played an indoor heat preservation role at night in solar greenhouse.The energy allocation model of solar greenhouse established in this study could accurately predict the energy allocation of solar greenhouse in winter in Northeast China.It can be applied to actual production management,simulate and monitor accurately the daily energy consumption of greenhouse,and provide theoretical basis for crop production management.