深埋秸秆量和滴灌量对温室番茄品质、产量及IWUE的影响

Effects of the Amounts of Deep-buried Straw and Drip Irrigation on Quality,Yield and IWUE of Tomato in Greenhouse

为了优化东北寒区温室番茄生产中适宜深埋秸秆量和滴灌量,为该地区温室番茄产业的可持续发展提供科学依据,探讨了深埋秸秆量和膜下滴灌量对温室番茄品质、产量以及灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)的影响。通过温室小区试验,深埋秸秆量设置4个水平:0kg·hm-2(S0)、1.5×104kg·hm-2(S1)、3×104kg·hm-2(S2)、4.5×104kg·hm-2(S3);滴灌下限以田间持水量θ为基数,设置4个水平:50%θ田(W1)、60%θ田(W2)、70%θ田(W3)、80%θ田(W4),共16个处理。采用主成分分析法对番茄品质进行综合评价,以主成分综合得分量化番茄的品质指标;采用熵权法对番茄的品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)进行赋权,进而通过TOPSIS法对各处理下温室番茄进行综合评价。深埋秸秆量和膜下滴灌量均对番茄品质产生影响,主成分分析法对番茄品质综合评价的结果得出S1W2、S2W4为品质最优的两个处理;产量最高的S1W2处理相较于S2W4处理增产达18.7%,而且S1W2处理灌溉水利用效率达到峰值为62.54kg·m-3。TOPSIS综合评价的结果表明S1W2处理为综合效益最高的处理。番茄生育期内滴灌灌水下限控制在田间持水量的60%(整个生育期的灌水量为183.54mm),深埋段状玉米秸秆量为1.5×104kg·hm-2,在提高番茄的综合品质的同时又可以使产量和IWUE处于较高水平,从而获得最大的综合效益。

In order to optimize the amounts of deep-buried straw and drip irrigation for tomato production in greenhouse in the northeast cold region,and provide scientific basis for sustainable development of greenhouse tomato industry,the effects of deep-buried straw and drip irrigation under mulch on quality and yield of tomato and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)were discussed.A greenhouse plot experiment was conducted,with four amounts of straw:0kg·hm^-2(S0),1.5×10^4kg·hm^-2(S1),3×10^4kg·hm^-2(S2)and 4.5×10^4kg·hm^-2(S3).The lower limit of drip irrigation was based on the field water capacity,with 4 levels:50%θ田(W1),60%θ田(W2),70%θ田(W3)and 80%θ田(W4),accounting for 16 treatments.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the quality of tomato,and the comprehensive score of principal component analysis was used to quantify the quality index of tomato.Entropy weight method was used to weigh the quality,yield and IWUE of tomato,and TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the greenhouse tomato of each treatment.The amount of buried straw and drip irrigation all had an impact on tomato quality.The results of principal component analysis showed that S1W2 and S2W4 were the best two treatments.Compared with S2W4,the highest yield of S1W2 was increased by 18.7%,and the IWUE of S1W2 with the highest yield achieved 62.54 kg·m^-3.TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results showed that S1W2 treatment was the most comprehensive treatment.The water limit of drip irrigation during the growth period of tomato was controlled at 60%of field water holding capacity(The total irrigation amount was 183.54 mm in the whole growth period)and the amount of deep buried segmental maize straw was 1.5×104kg·hm^-2,which could improve the comprehensive quality of tomato,achieve higher levels of the yield and IWUE and obtain the greatest comprehensive benefit.