梭罗在海峡两岸暨香港的翻译、出版和接受(1949—1976)

The Translation,Publication and Reception of H. D. Thoreau on Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait and Hong Kong

1949—1976年是梭罗在海峡两岸暨香港的出版和传播历程中一个非常重要的时段。由于作品蕴含的生态理念与我国当时的主流思想并不完全合拍,梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》在中国大陆遭到了负接受。在文化语境不同的中国香港和台湾地区,梭罗的传播呈现出迥异的样貌。梭罗在香港主要以译著和译文的形式进行传播,翻译的文本类型涉及散文、诗歌、书信和学术批评,主要译者有张爱玲和夏济安。尽管译介和出版时间晚于香港,但梭罗在台湾地区受到的关注更多,梭罗在台湾的传播与台湾出版业的发展息息相关。与香港侧重翻译相比,台湾坚持译研并举,其中尤以Walden的翻译出版实绩最为显著。1949—1976年间梭罗在海峡两岸暨香港的传播进入沉潜期是个相对的说法,这段时期在译介方面取得的成就为未来中国梭罗研究的复兴奠定了基础。

The period between 1949 and 1976 is an important phase in the publication and dissemination of H.D.Thoreau on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and Hong Kong.Due to the fact that the eco-consciousness in works of Thoreau was incompatible with the mainstream thought of China's Mainland at that time,Walden got neglected.However,in Hong Kong and Taiwan with different cultural contexts,the reception of Thoreau presented different features.Thoreau was accepted in Hong Kong mainly in the form of translations,which covered his prose,poetry,letters and academic criticism.The major translators were Zhang Ailing and Xia Ji’an.Although arriving in Taiwan much later,Thoreau received more attention,where the dissemination of Thoreau was closely linked to the development of Taiwan publishing industry.In contrast to Hong Kong’s emphasis on translation,Taiwan gave the equal weight to translation and research while making an outstanding achievement in the translation and publication of Walden.From 1949 to 1976,it is relatively true that the dissemination of Thoreau entered a so-called stagnant period on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and Hong Kong.The achievements in translation and criticism of Thoreau during this period laid the foundation for the revival of the Thoreau studies in China.