美国气候政策之调整:本质、影响与中国应对——以特朗普时期为中心

Adjustment of US Climate Policy: Nature,Impact and China's Response——Focusing on the Trump Era

特朗普上台后,美国的气候政策出现了重大调整,其不仅重用了大量气候变化怀疑论者来执掌联邦政府的核心部门,还极力推翻了奥巴马政府的气候政策遗产,更公开宣布退出《巴黎协定》。这种转变既不利于美国国家自主贡献预案(INDC)目标的实现,也对其低碳经济发展构成制约,更对全球气候治理的向前推进和全球新能源格局的塑造带来较大影响。对此,本文认为中国可从三个层面来积极应对:在多边层面,维护已有成果,完善未决机制,推动涉气候治理的议题连接;在双边层面,通过与美欧及其他国家的双边合作,深化全球气候治理共识,促使美国采取相关治理行动;在国内层面,加强应对气候变化的能力建设,逐步完善全国碳市场的正式制度安排。

Since Donald Trump came to power,there has been a major adjustment in US climate policy.Trump's administration not only appointed a large number of climate change sceptics to run the core departments of US federal government,but also fought to overturn the Obama administration's climate policy legacy,and publicly announced its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.This adjustment was not conducive to the realization of US emission reduction target in Intended Nationally Determined Contributions,but constrained the development of US low-carbon economy.Furthermore,it posed great challenges to the advancement of global climate governance and the shaping of new global energy pattern.In this regard,China can respond positively from three dimensions.Firstly,at the multilateral level,China can maintain the existing achievements,improve the pending mechanisms and promote the connectivity of issues related to climate governance.Secondly,at the bilateral level,China can strengthen the cooperation with US,EU and other countries,to deepen the consensus on global climate governance,and then to urge US to take relevant actions on climate governance.Thirdly,at the domestic level,China can strengthen its capacity building to cope with climate change and gradually improve the formal institution of the national unified carbon market.