乌兰察布市马铃薯施肥现状研究

Study on the current situation of fertilizer use for potato in Ulanqab

为了解内蒙古马铃薯主产区马铃薯施肥状况,2016年在乌兰察布市5个马铃薯种植旗县对施肥现状进行了调查研究,结果表明:乌兰察布市旱地马铃薯养分总施用量为66.4～984.1 kg/hm^2,平均为330.9 kg/hm^2;水浇地马铃薯养分总施用量为118.5～2 211.9 kg/hm^2,平均为796.3 kg/hm^2;水浇地马铃薯过量施肥现象突出,而旱地马铃薯钾肥施用量低;旱地马铃薯有77.2%的农户施用有机肥,而水浇地马铃薯只有20.3%的农户施用有机肥。建议旱地马铃薯应适当增加氮钾肥追肥比例,合理确定氮磷钾施肥比例;水浇地马铃薯应减少氮钾肥用量,深化精准施肥技术。

To study the situation of potato fertilization in Ulanqab,which is the main potato planting region in Inner Mongolia,a sampling survey of households in the city’s five potato planting counties was undertaken in 2016.The results indicated:In dry land,the total potato fertilizer input is 66.4-984.1 kg/hm2,and the average input is 330.9 kg/hm2;In irrigated land,the total potato fertilizer input is 118.5-2 211.9 kg/hm2,and average input is 796.3 kg/hm2.In irrigated land,the prominent existing problem is over-application of fertilizer.On the other hand,in dry land,there is a low input of potassium fertilizer.In dry land 77.2%of households used organic fertilizer;In irrigated land,only 20.3%of households used the organic fertilizer.Looking at the above factors,we should appropriately increase the topdressing proportion of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers,and should also reasonably confirm nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratios in dry lands.In irrigated land,the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on potatoes should be reduced and the use of precise fertilization technology should be expanded.