瓜类蔬菜体内多环芳烃的分布特征及健康风险评估

Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cucurbitacae vegetables

【目的】探讨多环芳烃(PAHs)在瓜类蔬菜体内的分布特征和积累规律,并对南宁市不同年龄不同性别人群摄食每种瓜类蔬菜果实的健康风险进行评估。【方法】采集黄瓜Cucumis sativus、苦瓜Momordica charantia、丝瓜Luffa cylindrical和节瓜Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua根系各30株和果实各20个,并分别称取茎1 kg、叶片1 kg和叶柄1 kg,用超声波提取、固相萃取对蔬菜进行前处理,用高效液相色谱法检测各部位中16种PAHs含量。【结果】16种PAHs在4种瓜类蔬菜中均有检出,PAHs的总质量分数为88.44～1 229.85μg·kg–1,其中各环数PAHs含量顺序为5环>6环>2环>4环>3环。南宁市不同人群食用瓜类果实引起的致癌风险值在1.48×10–6～7.84×10–5范围内,仅摄入可食用部分引起的致癌风险值在2.23×10–7～3.35×10–6范围内。【结论】比较同种瓜类不同部位,4种瓜皆是叶片PAHs含量最高,黄瓜果瓤含量最低,苦瓜和丝瓜果肉含量最低,节瓜叶柄含量最低;比较4种瓜类叶片,节瓜叶片PAHs含量最高,苦瓜叶片含量最低。在目前蔬菜消费量下,南宁市民摄食瓜类蔬菜果实存在潜在致癌风险。

【Objective】To explore the distribution characteristics and accumulation rules of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in cucurbitacae vegetables,and evaluate the health risks of each cucurbitacae vegetable to people in different age groups and genders in Nanning.【Method】The samples of sativus,Momordica charantia,Luffa cylindrical and Benincasa hispida var.chieh-qua were collected.For each type of vegetable,we collected roots of 30 plants,1 kg stems,1 kg leaves,1 kg petioles and 20 fruits.The vegetables were pretreated by ultrasonic extraction and solid phase extraction.The contents of 16 different PAHs in different parts of vegetables were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).【Result】Sixteen types of PAHs were all detected in four kinds of cucurbitacae vegetables,the contents of total PAHs ranged from 88.44 to 1 229.85μg·kg^-1.The order of detected PAHs amounts in cucurbitacae vegetables was 5-ring PAHs >6-ring PAHs >2-ring PAHs >4-ring PAHs >3-ring PAHs.The cancer risk levels of diverse population groups in Nanning by ingesting fruit from cucurbitacae vegetables were in the range of 1.48×l0^-6 and 7.87×10^-5.The cancer risk levels caused by ingesting only edible portions were in the range of 2.23×l0^-7 and 3,35×10^-6.【Conclusion】Comparing different organs of the same cucurbitacae vegetables)had the highest PAH contents for all four vegetables,C.sativus pulp had the lowest PAHs content,M.charantia and L.cylindrical flesh had the lowest PAHs contents,B.hispida var.chieh-qua petious had the lowest PAHs content.Comparing leaves of different cucurbitacae vegetables,PAHs content was the highest in B.hispida var.chieh-qua while the lowest in M.charantia.Under the current consumption amount of vegetables,potential carcinogenic risks exist for Nanning residents by ingesting fruits of cucurbitacae vegetables.