以生态修复为导向的海洋生态补偿模式研究

The Ecological Restoration Aimed Marine Ecological Compensation Mode

如何妥善处理海洋开发利用与海洋生态系统损失之间的矛盾关系是我国沿海城市面临的重大挑战。文章分析了海洋生态补偿模式现状及其存在的问题,认为单纯收取生态补偿金并不能实质性解决海洋开发活动带来的海洋生态损失问题,实施生态修复是降低和减缓海洋生态系统损失的主要手段;建议利用海洋生态系统服务货币化来连接海洋生态损失与海洋生态修复,量化用海单位所造成的海洋生态损失和生态修复所带来生态系统功能增益,进而指示海洋生态损失与海洋生态修复是否达到平衡;进一步提出以生态修复为导向的海洋生态补偿模式的技术框架,为落实与完善海洋生态补偿制度提供参考。

How to properly handle the contradiction between marine development and marine ecosystem losses is a major challenge for coastal cities in China.The current situation and problems of marine ecological compensation mode were analyzed in this paper.It was suggested that simply collecting ecological compensation funds could not solve the marine ecosystem loss problem caused by development activities,and ecological restoration was the proper way to reduce and slow down the marine ecosystem losses.It was proposed that monetized ecosystem services might be used as a mediator to connect marine ecosystem loss and marine ecological restoration,and quantify the loss of marine ecosystem service caused by marine utilizing units and increment of the ecosystem service gained from ecological restoration,and thus the balance between the loss of marine ecosystem and marine ecological restoration could be indicated.Furthermore,the technical framework of restoration aimed marine ecological compensation mode was presented,providing reference for the implementing and improving marine ecological compensation system in future.