多波束声学底质分类研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Acoustic Seabed Classification Using Multibeam Echo Sounder

多波束勘测技术是20世纪60年代以来发展起来的新一代海底地形地貌测量技术。多波束测深系统不但可以获取高精度的水深地形数据,而且可以同时获取高分辨率的海底反向散射强度数据。随着多波束测深技术的革新和应用,其声学底质探测功能得到不断的挖掘和推广,基于多波束反向散射强度数据,并结合一定数量的传统底质取样数据对海底底质分类,工作效率高且获取的资料连续、丰富,为海底底质类型划分提供了一种迅速可靠的方法,是传统海底底质取样和沉积物分类的有益补充。主要论述了国内外多波束海底底质分类技术的研究现状,梳理了多波束底质分类各环节所涉及的关键技术,分析了该领域存在的主要问题,介绍了目前典型的多波束底质探测设备及底质分类软件,展望了多波束底质分类研究的发展趋势与应用前景。

Multibeam echo sounding is a new generation of submarine topographic and geomorphic survey technology developed since 1960s. By using this technology, it can not only get high precision bathymetric and topographic data, but obtain high resolution seabed backscattering strength data. With the continuous innovation and wide application of the technology, its acoustic seabed sediments detection function has been continuously explored and popularized. Combining with the field sampling data for seabed sediment classification, the backscattering strength has become a rapid and reliable method, which is characterized by high efficiency, continuous data acquisition and abundant information. And it can be regarded as a useful supplement for traditional sediment classification method. This study mainly discussed the research status of multibeam submarine sediment classification technology at home and abroad, clarified the key technologies involved in the multibeam bottom quality classification, analyzed its main problems, and introduced the typical multibeam bottom. We proposed some future developments in quality detection equipment and substrate classification software, the trend and application prospects of multibeam bottom classification research.