自然资源一级分类

The Classification for Natural Resources

自然资源在人类发展前进的历史中有着重要地位。在自然资源认识和利用上的重大突破,多次起到了划时代的作用。为在新时代里能更好地有所作为,需要认真地总结继承国内外的经验教训,建立起对自然资源认识和利用的科学知识体系。为此,需要先建立自然资源的科学分类。文章采取二维标准(来源和功能)建立自然资源的一级分类。在来源方面,以马克思《资本论》第一卷德文版原著中的名言"地球是财富之母"为指导,将当代人类能够开发利用的自然资源,分别划入地球外部的四层空间——自下而上为岩石圈、水圈、大气圈、近地太空。这一划分,有利于深入研究自然资源的不同来源,阐明其各自形成与分布的规律,有助于在体制改革中完善"体"的一面。在功能方面,运用系统论的方法,将开发利用的资源品种归并为四组——自然空间本身、自然物质、自然能、自然信息。这一划分,有利于深入研究自然资源的不同存在状态,正确判断其在开发利用中的技术、经济与法理关系,有助于在体制改革中完善"制"的一面。本分类中使用的专业名词,在尊重我国约定俗成的语言习惯基础上,也考虑到全球在人与自然关系方面研究及实践的进展,力求体现科学准确的概念内涵与外延。

Natural resources have played an important role in the history of human development.And major breakthroughs that the human has made in the understanding and exploitation of natural resources have played a landmark role for many times.With a view to making a difference in the new era,we need to carefully summarize and use the experience and lessons of both China and other countries for reference to establish a scientific knowledge system for the understanding and exploitation of natural resources.For this purpose,the scientific classification of natural resources needs to be established first.In this paper,the classification for natural resources is established based on two dimensional criteria(source and function).In term of source,guided by a quote"the earth is the mother of wealth"from the original German edition of volume I of Marx's"Capital",the author places the natural resources that exploited and utilized by the human of this time into four outer layers of the earth,namely,lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere,and near-earth space from the bottom up.This initiative will help find out the different sources of natural resources and expound the law of formation and distribution of each of them.At the same time,it is also conducive to the improvement of the system reform.In functionality,the author merges the variety of resources into four groups by using the system method.That is,natural space itself,natural substances,natural energy,and natural information.This initiative will help study the different existential state of natural resources and correctly judge the relationship between technology,economy and jurisprudence in its development and utilization.Furthermore,it also contributes to the improvement of the institutional reform.In this paper the author explains when the technical terms are used in the categories,he not only respects the established language habits of China,but also takes into consideration the global advances in research and practice on the relationship between man and nature with a view to striving to reflect scientific and accurate concept connotation and extension.