避难层外窗分布方式对自然防烟效果的影响

Numerical study of the impacts of opening distribution on the smoke prevention effects in refuge floors

针对敞开式或半敞开式避难层,假设模型建筑,利用FDS研究避难层开启外窗面积一定时,不同外窗分布方式的自然防烟效果。结果发现,外窗均匀分布在相对两面外墙的自然防烟效果最好,外窗均匀分布在相邻两侧外墙的自然防烟效果次之,外窗均匀分布在四面外墙的自然防烟效果最差。避难层开启外窗面积为避难区域面积20%时,虽然避难层内部停留烟气量很少,不会对人员产生致命威胁,但是由于避难区域速度场上下均匀,烟气不能形成稳定分层,人员将受一定影响。

According to the open and half-open refuge storey,taking hypothesis building,the natural smoke prevention of different opening distribution with the certain overall opening area was studied by FDS.The results showed that the ventilation effect is the best when the openings distribute evenly on the two opposite walls of refuge storey.The ventilation effect is better when the openings distribute evenly on adjacent walls of refuge storey.The ventilation effect is the worst when the openings distribute on 4 walls of refuge storey evenly.When the opening size is 20%of refuge area,little smoke stagnated in the refuge area with limited threaten to evacuees.There were no stable smoke layers due to the uniformity of velocity field in refuge storey.