基于Pathfinder对出口形状的疏散模拟及优化

Evacuation simulation and optimization of different exit shapes based on Pathfinder

为了有效地提高公共场所人员疏散效率,避免踩踏事件的发生,采用Pathfinder疏散模拟软件,分别对不同出口形状、群体中人员构成、人员初始位置进行疏散模拟。研究发现:出口形状对疏散时间有显著影响,其中"V"(70°)形的疏散时间最短;人员易在安全出口拐角处、人员汇集处、障碍物拐角处等位置出现拥挤;幼儿疏散时间最短,老年人疏散时间最长;在相同条件下,由幼儿引领的群组所用疏散时间比成年人引领的群组少。

In order to effectively improve the efficiency of evacuation in public places, and avoid the occurrence of trample accident,the Pathfinder evacuation simulation software was used to simulate the evacuation under the condition of different shapes of safety export, composition of people in the group and the initial position of the crowd. The results showed that exports shapes have an impact on the crowds evacuation, among which the"V"(70°) shaped export has the shortest evacuation time;the crowding is inclined to occur at the corner of exit, personnel pool and corner of obstacle;the evacuation time of young children is the shortest, while that of old people is the longest;under the same condition, the group evacuation led by young children takes less time than the group led by adults.