我国实施大洋钻探工程的初步设想

Preliminary thoughts on implementation of the ocean drilling project in China

约占地球面积71%的海洋里蕴藏着海量的地质、生物、气候等信息和丰富的资源,我国"十三五"国家科技创新规划中,将"深海、深地、深空、深蓝科学研究"列为战略性前瞻性重大科学问题,并将"国际大洋发现计划(IODP)列为5项国际大科学计划和大科学工程之一。但在深海钻探,作业环境和条件都较陆地上更加复杂,对钻探船、钻探工艺、环保措施、施工组织管理等都是严峻的考验。本文在概述大洋钻探的意义和成果,回顾世界大洋钻探的演进史和工程实施概况以及我国参加大洋钻探情况的基础上,针对大洋钻探的钻井特点和地层条件,探讨了海洋科学钻探取心技术、超深水条件的重入钻孔技术、跟管钻进下套管技术、超深水条件的泥浆循环等关键技术问题,提出了我国实施大洋钻探工程的初步设想。

The ocean which occupies 71%of the entire area of the earth contains huge amounts of information such as geology,biology,climate and rich resources.In the national science and technology innovation program of China’s“13th five-year plan”,“deep sea,deep earth,deep space and deep blue scientific research”were listed as strategic and forward-looking major scientific challenges,and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program(IODP)was selected as one of the five international major scientific programs and projects.However,in deep-sea drilling,the operating environments and conditions are more complex than those on land,which is a severe test for drilling vessels,drilling technology,environmental protection measures,and construction organization and management.This paper first summarizes the significance and achievements of ocean scientific drilling,reviews the evolution history and engineering implementation of ocean scientific drilling in the world,and introduces the situation of China’s participation in ocean scientific drilling.Then,this paper discusses the key technical issues in ocean scientific drilling,such as the ocean scientific drilling coring technology,the re-entry drilling technology in ultra deep water conditions,the casing while drilling technology,mud circulation in ultra deepwater conditions.A tentative plan for the implementation of the ocean scientific drilling project in China is put forward.