智力残疾人的职业康复:理论架构、方法与服务

Vocational Rehabilitation for People with Intellectual Disability: Theoretical Framework, Approaches and Services

目的构建智力残疾职业康复的理论和服务框架,为提升智力残疾人的体面就业提供依据。方法根据ICF,分析智力残疾人的就业障碍,并以此为基础提出智力残疾职业康复的内容和流程。结果根据ICF框架,智力残疾人的就业障碍包括主要功能障碍、就业相关功能障碍和就业环境三个方面。智力残疾的职业康复主要涉及职业评估、职业咨询、职业技能开发与培训、职业指导、支持与协助服务,以及职业发展环境分析等。职业康复的主要流程有评估就业障碍与职业能力、确定就业模式与目标、制定和执行个别化职业康复计划以及追踪服务等。结论需要根据ICF发展结构化和个别化的针对智力残疾的职业康复架构与服务方法体系。

Objective To establish the theoretical framework and approaches of services provision of vocational rehabilitation(VR)for people with intellectual disability(ID)to promote the decent employment of people with ID.Methods The employment difficulties of people with ID had been analyzed using ICF,and the content and the procedure of VR for people with ID had been explored.Results According to ICF,the employment difficulties of people with ID included functioning,barriers of employment and environmental factors.VR services for people with ID included assessment of employment barriers and vocational capacity,vocational counseling,vocational skill development and training,vocational guidance,support and assistance service,VR and politics development and research.The procedures of VR services for people with ID included assessing employment difficulties and vocational abilities,establishing employment setting and target,planning and implementing individualized VR program,and follow-up services.Conclusion It is necessary to use ICF to develop structured and individualized VR framework and approaches of VR for people with ID.