汶川地震甘肃灾区恢复重建的实践与启示

Practice and Enlightenment of Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction in Gansu Province

今年是汶川地震十周年,2018年汶川特大地震给我国四川、甘肃等地区造成了巨大的灾难与伤痛,留下了宝贵的经验和教训,并给人以深刻警示。在灾后重建中结合受灾特点和当地经济发展现状,如何科学制订重建规划体系、创新重建模式和管理机制、加快重建速度,是高质量完成重建任务、大力改善民生、实现经济恢复振兴、促进社会和谐稳定的根本保证。同时,在重建中科学考虑潜在的地震灾害风险,最大限度地减少和避免地震灾害损失,采取务实可行的防震减灾对策也极为重要。本文概述十年前汶川特大地震对甘肃省造成的震害情况,基于甘肃灾区恢复重建的工作实践,阐明了甘肃灾区的重建原则和规划体系特点,从创新思想认识、强化社会管理、完善扶持政策、突出重建重点、提升基础能力、防范灾害风险等方面,分析总结灾后重建的主要措施与取得的成效,深刻反映了国家和地方政府在坚持科学执政、民主执政、依法执政、建设人民满意的服务型政府所取得的进步,也可为未来应对大震巨灾和各种自然灾害发生的重建工作提供重要的经验启示。

The Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 has brought great disaster and loss of treasure to Sichuan and Gansu provinces,leaving valuable experience and lessons,as well as a profound warning.In the post-disaster reconstruction,in consideration of both the characteristics of the disaster and the current local economy,questions of how to scientifically formulate a reconstruction planning system while simultaneously innovating the reconstruction model and management mechanism are of paramount importance.Accelerating the rate of progress is a fundamental guarantee of a high-quality reconstruction.Improvements in the quality of life of affected residents,including vigorous economic recovery and revitalization and the promotion of social harmony and stability,are also critical.It is also critical to scientifically factor potential future earthquake risks into the reconstruction,to prevent and minimize earthquake loss through practical and feasible earthquake mitigation measures.This article summarizes the earthquake hazard in Gansu Province caused by the Wenchuan earthquake of ten years ago.Based on the restoration and reconstruction work in the disaster areas,we expound upon the principles and characteristics of the reconstruction planning system.From the perspectives of innovation,the strengthening of social management,the development of supporting policies,the improvement of fundamental capacities,and the prevention of disaster risks,this article analyzes and summarizes the main post-disaster reconstruction and its results.The results reflect the improvements the national and local governments have made in adhering to scientific principles,democratic rule,and rule in accordance with the laws of a service-oriented government of the people.This paper also provides important experience and information regarding reconstruction of many types of natural disaster sites.