学科引证网络知识扩散特征研究

Characteristics of Knowledge Diffusion in Disciplinary Citation Network

在知识经济时代,学科知识的传播扩散促进了学科的协同、交叉、融合、发展与创新。本文选取文献引证作为学科知识传播路径载体,对学科知识扩散特征进行系统研究,探索学科知识流动的规律与模式,以期为学科知识的融合、转化与创新提供理论与实证依据。采用8项计量指标,对学科知识扩散数量特征进行定量测度;选取描述性统计量,从集中趋势、离散程度和分布形态三方面对学科知识扩散分布特征进行刻画;利用社会网络分析方法,对学科知识扩散中介性特征以及中间人角色特征进行剖析;最后,以社会网络领域为例,进行实证研究。结果表明,社会网络领域学科间的知识交流活动频繁,多学科科学、社会学、图书情报学等是其较为活跃的学科,具有较强的信息优势和控制优势;学科知识扩散数量特征指数波动范围较大,离散程度较高,分布多呈现长尾偏右的尖顶曲线;图书情报学主要扮演联络人角色,是各学科门类之间进行知识交流的重要媒介。

In the era of the knowledge-driven economy, the diffusion of disciplinary knowledge promotes disciplinary collaboration, integration, development, and innovation. In this paper, the diffusion characteristics of disciplinary knowledge are systematically studied by taking citations as the carrier of the transmission path, so as to explore the rules and patterns of disciplinary knowledge flow and provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the integration, transformation, and innovation of disciplinary knowledge. First, the quantitative measurement of the quantity features of knowledge diffusion is carried out by using 8 measurement indexes. Second, descriptive statistics are selected to describe the diffusion characteristics of disciplinary knowledge from the perspectives of centralization trend, dispersion degree, and distribution form. Third, the betweenness characteristics and the role of the intermediary in the diffusion of disciplinary knowledge are analyzed by applying the method of social network analysis. Finally, an empirical study is further conducted by taking the field of social networking as an example. The research has shown that knowledge exchanges among disciplines in the field of social networks are frequent, in which multidisciplinary sciences, sociology, information science, library science, etc. are active disciplines with strong information and control advantages. The characteristic indexes of disciplinary knowledge diffusion fluctuate in a wide range, with a high degree of dispersion. Information science and library science mainly play the role of liaison, which is an important medium for exchanging knowledge among various disciplines.