城市综合公园游憩服务多时空粒度辐射特征研究——以武汉为例

Multi-spatiotemporal Decay of Recreational Services of Urban Comprehensive Parks in Wuhan

随着经济和社会的快速发展,城市居民日常游憩出行移动性和自由度大增,城市公园绿地游憩服务在不同时间和空间上的辐射效应也发生了显著变化。科学揭示城市居民与公园绿地之间真实的时空交互关系,是当前城市公园绿地建设所面临的迫切性和关键性议题。运用问卷调查与访谈、核密度空间分析以及曲线回归模型模拟等方法,从居民闲暇时间、到达公园时刻和游憩时长3个维度探讨了武汉市综合公园游憩服务的空间辐射特征及其在不同时间粒度上的差异。结果表明,武汉市综合公园游憩服务分别在非工作日、上午时段和1～2h游憩时长的时间粒度上具有较高的空间辐射能力,且其服务人数和服务频率均呈现出随出行距离增加而指数衰减的特征。研究结果既可为其他相似条件地区综合公园游憩服务辐射效应的评估提供参考,也可辅助规划者和决策者优化城市公园绿地布局,提高公园绿地游憩服务效率和绿地使用公平性。

With the rapid development of economy and society,the mobility and freedom of urban residents'daily travel for urban park recreation have greatly increased,and the spatial decay of recreational service of urban parks in different time has also changed significantly.It is an urgent and key issue to identify the relationships between urban residents and urban parks for urban planning and management.In this study,several methods such as questionnaire survey and interview,spatial density analysis,and curve regression model were used to explore the spatial decay characteristics of recreational services of urban comprehensive parks in Wuhan from three dimensions separately,including residents'leisure time,arrival time and recreation duration,as well as their differences at different times.The results showed that urban comprehensive parks in Wuhan had higher spatial service area in the weekend as well as in the whole morning and 1-2 hours of recreation duration.Both number of park visitors and visiting frequency showed the characteristics of exponential decline with the increase of travel distance.These findings can not only provide reference for the evaluation of service ability of urban parks in other similar cities,but also assist planners and decision-makers to optimize the distribution of urban parks for improving service efficiency and equity of urban parks.